A method for haplotype inference in general pedigrees without recombination

Abstract  The abundance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) makes the haplotype-based method instead of single-maker-oriented method the main approach to association studies on QTL mapping. The key problem in haploptype-based metho

Hydrochemical framework of groundwater in the Ankobra Basin, Ghana

Abstract  Hydrochemical and stable isotope (18O and 2H) analyses of groundwater samples were used to establish the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Ankobra Basin. The groundwater was generally mildly acidic, low in conductivity and u

Isolation of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract  A hepatoprotective compound was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. by consecutive solvent partitioning, followed by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. The purified

Certification of methylmercury content in two fresh-frozen reference materials: SRM 1947 Lake Michigan fish tissue and SRM 1974b organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis)

Abstract  This paper describes the development of two independent analytical methods for the extraction and quantification of methylmercury from marine biota. The procedures involve microwave extraction, followed by derivatization and ei

Sample preparation of sewage sludge and soil samples for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on one-pot microwave-assisted saponification and extraction

Abstract  A microwave-assisted sample preparation (MASP) procedure was developed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge and soil samples. The procedure involved the simultaneous microwave-assisted ex

Analysis of roller pen inks by capillary zone electrophoresis

Abstract  The analysis of roller pen inks has become more and more important in fraudulent document examination because of the extensive use of roller pens in financial documents. Capillary electrophoresis with powerful resolution was ap

Effects of stretching on microstructures of polymer-immobilized non-close-packed colloidal crystalline array

Abstract  Non-close-packed silica colloidal crystalline array was immobilized by polymer, and effects of stretching on the change of the optical properties and microstructure of the colloidal crystalline arrays have been demonstrated. Th

Corrosion Resistance of a High-Silicon Alloy in Metal-Dusting Environments

Abstract  A Si-containing, high-temperature alloy (Fe–17Cr–9Ni–8Mn–4Si) was exposed to high-carbon activity and low-oxygen partial pressure environments (CO–H2) over a temperature range from 650 to 950 

Cloning of the black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) antiquitin gene and functional characterization of its promoter region

Abstract  Antiquitin (ALDH7) is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. In plants, ALDH7 is inducible upon dehydration and is thus believed to possess an osmoregulatory role. On the other hand, however, its exact physiologica

Molecular characterization of Bifidobacterium longum biovar longum NAL8 plasmids and construction of a novel replicon screening system

Abstract  In this study, we performed molecular characterization and sequence analysis of three plasmids from the human intestinal isolate Bifidobacterium longum biovar longum NAL8 and developed a novel vector screening system. Plasmids

Compounds inhibitory to nematophagous fungi produced by Bacillus sp. strain H6 isolated from fungistatic soil

Abstract  Soil fungistasis can cause inconsistent control by nematophagous fungi of plant-pathogenic nematodes in field situations. Recent studies have shown that production of fungistatic compounds by bacteria was the principal explanat

The endothelization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites

Abstract  It has been recognized that seeding vascular bypass grafts with endothelial cells is the ideal method of improving their long-term patency rates. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytocompatibility of a novel sil

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the determination of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in sewage sludge

Abstract  An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed and evaluated for the quantification of eight major polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in sewage sludge. The PBDEs were extracted from wet and dry sl

Stacking and quantitative analysis of lovastatin in urine samples by the transient moving chemical reaction boundary method in capillary electrophoresis

Abstract  A simple, sensitive, and useful concentration method for lovastatin (Lvt) in urine has been developed based on the transient moving chemical reaction boundary method (tMCRBM) in capillary electrophoresis. The MCRB is formed wit

Multi-technique and multi-scale approach applied to study the structural behavior of heterogeneous materials: natural SiO2 case

Abstract  A multi-technique and multi-scale approach have been initiated to study the structural properties of a natural heterogeneous material. This approach has led us to introduce the concepts of long-range order LRO and short-range o

Neuronal firing rates account for distractor effects on mnemonic accuracy in a visuo-spatial working memory task

Abstract  Persistent neural activity constitutes one neuronal correlate of working memory, the ability to hold and manipulate information across time, a prerequisite for cognition. Yet, the underlying neuronal mechanisms are still elusiv

Fluorescence studies of confinement in polymer films and nanocomposites: Glass transition temperature, plasticizer effects, and sensitivity to stress relaxation and local polarity

Abstract.  Confinement effects in polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) films and nanocomposites are studied by fluorescence. The ability to employ an intensive measurable, the excited-state fluorescence lifetime, in

Equivalence between polymer nanocomposites and thin polymer films: Effect of processing conditions and molecular origins of observed behavior

Abstract.  Recently we established a quantitative equivalence in thermomechanical properties between polystyrene-silica nanocomposites and planar freestanding polystyrene thin films. This equivalence was quantified by dra

Kinetic aspects in the drying dissipative crack patterns of colloidal crystals

Abstract  Kinetics of the dissipative structure formation in the course of drying the colloidal crystals of silica spheres (103 nm in diameter) in aqueous deionized suspension on a rinsed cover glass has been studied by the close-up

Ammonia Catalyzed Hydrolysis-Condensation Kinetics of Tetraethoxysilane/Dimethyldiethoxysilane Mixtures Studied by 29 Si NMR and SAXS

Abstract   In-situ 29Si liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the ammonia catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of the mixed systems of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and dimethyldiethoxysilane (

Two New Monogalactosyl Diacylglycerols from Brown Alga Sargassum thunbergii

Abstract  Two new monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (MGDGs) along with two known glycolipids were isolated from the moderate polar fraction of the methanolic extract of the brown alga Sargassum thunbergii by using reversed silica flash chro

Shear-induced 1-D alignment of alumina nanoparticles in coatings

Abstract  Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to study shear-induced alignment of alumina and silica nanoparticles in two-component polyurethane clear coatings. 1-D strings of nanoparticles, formed in an ex

Unusual PGE distribution in the mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Early Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.35 Ga) drusite (coronite) complex of the Belomorian region, northern Karelia, Russia

Abstract  The PGE pattern and PGM was studied in the rocks of numerous small mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the Early Paleoproterozoic (2.46–2.35 Ga) drusite complex of the Belomorian mobile belt, eastern Baltic Shield, Russia. The

Phase transitions in reactive formation of Ti5Si3/TiAl in situ composites

Abstract  A new method is developed for preparing Ti5Si3/TiAl in situ composites by incorporating metastable phases (called metastable precursors) into TiAl (a mixture of elemental Ti and Al) matrix powders. Metastable precursors with a

On the transition from pushing to engulfment during directional solidification of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based metal-matrix composite 2014 + 10 Vol Pct Al2O3

Abstract  Microstructural evolution in the commercial aluminum-based metal matrix composite 2014 + 10 vol pct Al2O3 was investigated during directional solidification with planar interface within the initial transient. Investigations were

Electro-chemical mechanical polishing of silicon carbide

Abstract  In an effort to improve the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate surface, a new electro-chemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) technique was developed. This work focused on the Si-terminated 4H-SiC (0001) substrates cut 8° off-axis t

Semiconductor-to-metallic phase transition of VO2 by laser excitation

Abstract  VO2 thin films deposited on MgO and fused silica glass substrates were prepared by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, which shows phase transition (PT) from the monoclinic semiconductor phase to a metallic tetragonal

Wafer bonding of (211) Cd0.96Zn0.04Te on (001) silicon

Abstract  We have successfully bonded (211) cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) substrates onto (001) Si substrates for subsequent epitaxial-layer deposition of mercury cadmium telluride device layers. Silicon-nitride intermediate layers were e

Diffusion of phosphorus in CdTe

Abstract  The diffusion of phosphorus in CdTe was measured as a function of anneal time and temperature in the temperature range 600–900°C. The diffusion anneals were carried out in evacuated silica capsules mainly with traces of

Highly concentrated ozone gas supplied at an atmospheric pressure condition as a new oxidizing reagent for the formation of SiO2 thin film on Si

Abstract  We have investigated the characteristics of silicon oxidation by concentrated ozone gas through the comparison of the oxidation by oxygen molecules. A sophisticated high-concentration ozone generator, which exploits the ozone/o

Heat-transfer model for the acheson process

Abstract  The Acheson process is used to manufacture silicon carbide (SiC) in a resistor furnace using petroleum coke and silica as raw materials. The process is highly inefficient, as only 10 to 15 pct of the charge gets converted into

Microstructural properties of Nb-Si alloys investigated using EBSD at large and small scale

Abstract  Texture and crystallographic orientation relationships in arc-melted hypoeutectic and hypereutectic binary Nb-Si alloys are investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) is used here in conventional conditions, i.e.,

Phase stability and alloying behavior in the Mo-Si-B system

Abstract  The effect of transition metal (TM) substitution for Mo has been examined in terms of the phase stability and multiphase microstructures in the Mo-Si-B ternary system. The metal-rich portion of the ternary Mo-Si-B system at equ

Oxidation of an Fe-Cr-Al-Y-Zr alloy forming an alumina scale in a Ga2O atmosphere at 1473 K

Abstract  The oxidation of an Fe-Cr-Al-Y-Zr alloy exposed to a Ga atmosphere at 1473 K has been investigated by an encapsulation method. A Ga/Ga2O3 mixture was placed within the quartz ampoules to establish the Ga2O and the O2 partial pr

Review and modeling of viscosity of silicate melts: Part II. viscosity of melts containing iron oxide in the CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system

Abstract  The viscosity of iron-containing silicate slags in the CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system has been reviewed by analyzing the available experimental data and the results of modeling studies. The model proposed by the present auth

Planar optical waveguides prepared in GIL49 and BK7 glass substrates by K+-Na+ ion exchange with the electric field assistance

Abstract  This report focuses on research into waveguides prepared by K+-Na+ ion exchange with the help of an electric field, and the subsequent comparison with waveguides prepared by pure thermal ion exchange. The goals of this work wer

High-temperature phase relations and thermodynamics in the silver-tin-sulfur system

Abstract  The SnS activities in liquid Ag2S-SnS liquid mattes were obtained at 1100 °C and 1200 °C by the dew-point method. Negative deviations were observed, and the liquid matte solutions were modeled by the Wilson equations. Part of

Dynamic and equilibrium interfacial phenomena in liquid steel-slag systems

Abstract  The equilibrium interfacial energy between a liquid iron alloy and a liquid slag is a key physical parameter in the design of steel-refining processes as high interfacial energies are desired to avoid emulsification of slag in

Establishment of the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography and its preliminary application

Abstract  A model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography was established by using an ECV304 cell membrane stationary phase (ECV304 CMSP) prepared by immobilizing the ECV304 cell membrane onto the surface of silica carrier.

Modified atmosphere and humidity packages for conservation of paper antiques

Abstract  Modified atmosphere and humidity (MAH) agents were developed to manipulate the gas composition and humidity for controlling the foxing of paper materials during storage. Sodium ascorbate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, ferrous s

Simultaneous determination of p -hydroxyacetophenone, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Abstract  Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been employed for the determination of p-hydroxyacetophenone, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (the dried sprout of Artemisia scoparia Waldst.

Surface interactions between fayalite slags and synthetic spinels and solid solutions

Abstract  To obtain a better understanding of the complex corrosion mechanisms occurring at the interface, the surface and interfacial properties between fayalite-type slags and homogeneous, synthetic spinels and solid solutions of these

High-purity As-S-Se and As-Se-Te glasses and optical fibers

Abstract  We describe a procedure for the preparation of As-S-Se and As-Se-Te glasses with low contents of gas-forming impurities (hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon) via melting of extrapure-grade elements in an evacuated silica ampule and pu

Condensation of zinc vapor on solid media in Zn( g )-CO-CO2-Ar mixtures

Abstract  The condensation experiments of zinc vapor on the solid media in Zn(g)-CO-CO2-Ar mixtures were conducted in a flow reactor at 800 °C to 1000 °C under a zinc partial pressure of 0.6 to 7.9 kPa. The condensates were weighed, an

Species-specific evolution of the FcR family in endothermic vertebrates

Abstract  In primates and rodents, the extended FcR family is comprised of three subsets: classical FcRs, structurally diverse cell surface receptors currently designated FCRL1–FCRL6, and intracellular proteins FCRLA and FCRLB. Usi

Analysis of acrylamide in coffee and cocoa by isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract  An accurate and precise method for the quantification of acrylamide using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed and used to measure acrylamide in coffee and cocoa samples. Th

Characterisation of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes; application as a redox mediator for biosensors

Abstract  The polymer redox mediator, poly(neutral red) (PNR), has been synthesised and characterised electrochemically to investigate the best electropolymerisation and mediation conditions for application in enzyme biosensors and to cl

Steady-state studies of the reactions of H2O-CO and CO2-H2 mixtures with liquid iron

Abstract  Studies have been made of the steady-stata composition of liquid iron exposed to high flow rates of H2O-CO mixtures at 1550 °C to 1700 °C and CO2-H2 mixtures at 1600 °C. Values of the steady-state activity of oxygen have been establ

Spatial Distribution of Acid-sensitive and Acid-impacted Streams in Relation to Watershed Features in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Abstract  A geologic classification scheme was combined with elevation to test hypotheses regarding watershed sensitivity to acidic deposition using available regional spatial data and to delimit a high-interest area for streamwater acid

Direct measurement of the kinetics of geopolymerisation by in-situ energy dispersive X-ray diffractometry

Abstract  In-situ energy dispersive X-ray diffractometry (EDXRD) using synchrotron radiation has been used to directly observe the kinetics of formation of a geopolymeric gel from a metakaolin precursor. The use of a purpose-built hydrot

Synthesis and Physical Properties of EOE and EEO, Triacylglycerols Containing Elaidic and Oleic Fatty Acids

Abstract  Symmetrical and non-symmetrical triacylglycerols (TAG) containing oleic (O; 9c-18:1) and elaidic (E; 9t-18:1) acids were required as part of a study relating the physical characteristics and functionality of trans-containing TA

Functionalization of Oleyl Carbonate by Epoxidation

Abstract  Carbonates (esters of carbonic acid H2CO3) are a class of compounds that are of increasing interest in commercial applications due to their physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. Herein, oleyl carbonate,

MiCA: A Web-Based Tool for the Analysis of Microbial Communities Based on Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms of 16S and 18S rRNA Genes

Abstract  A web-based resource, Microbial Community Analysis (MiCA), has been developed to facilitate studies on microbial community ecology that use analyses of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S and 18S

Preparation of monolithic capillary columns for capillary electrochromatography by γ-ray irradiation

Abstract.  A novel approach is introduced and evaluated for the preparation of silica-based monoliths by a sol–gel technique where in situ polymerization was carried out by γ-ray irradiation within the capillary. The γ-radiation-

Comparative survey of plastid and mitochondrial targeting properties of transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice

Abstract  A group of nuclear transcription factors, the Whirly proteins, were recently shown to be targeted also to chloroplasts and mitochondria. In order to find out whether other proteins might share this feature, an in silico-based s

Isolation and partial characterization of antimicrobial compounds from a new strain Nonomuraea sp. NM94

Abstract  An actinomycete strain NM94 was isolated from a Saharan soil sample by a dilution agar plating method using chitin-vitamins B medium supplemented with penicillin. The strain presented the morphological and chemical characterist

Microstructure of a plasma-sprayed Mo-Si-B alloy

Abstract  Powders of Mo52Si38B10 were plasma sprayed under inert conditions onto stainless steel substrates to determine if high density free standing forms could be synthesized by this process. Thermal spray conditions were varied to mi

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The activation of C-H bonds in C1-C3 alkanes by zirconium(III,IV) and titanium(III,IV) hydrides immobilized on the surface of SiO2: a density functional theory study

Abstract  Model reactions of the (≡Si-O-)3MIVH (1), (≡Si-O-)2MIVH2 (2), and (≡Si-O-)2MIIIH (3) hydrides, where M = Ti and Zr, immobilized on the surface of silica with methane and propane were studied by the density fun

Characterization of adsorbed silane on fillers used in dental composite restoratives and its effect on composite properties

Abstract  The purpose was to study the effect of silane treatment of fillers on viscosity, flexural strength, and hydrolytic degradation of experimental dental composite resins fabricated with these fillers. The fillers consisted of a mi

Naked eye detection of cadmium using inorganic–organic hybrid mesoporous material

Abstract  A novel and low-cost optical sensor for the naked eye detection of Cd2+in aqueous media based on mesoporous silica containing 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) as a probe molecule anchored by N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammon

Characterization of EST-SSRs in loblolly pine and spruce

Abstract  In the first large study of conifer expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs), two large conifer EST databases were characterized for EST-SSRs. One database was from “interior spruce” (white and Enge

Cyclic oxidation response of multiphase niobium-based alloys

Abstract  Cyclic oxidation tests were performed on multiphase Nb-based alloys containing silicide, Laves, and Nb solid solution phases. In particular, the oxidation resistance of six alloys with various compositions (Nb, Ti, Hf, Cr, Ge,

Determination of phospholipids in vegetable oil by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abstract  A method was developed to determine the total phospholipid content in vegetable oil by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Calibration curves of I-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC), I-α-phosphatidylethanolamine (

Alteration of steryl ester content and positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols by chemical and enzymatic interesterification of plant oils

Abstract  Steryl ester content of refined and interesterified corn, soybean, and rapeseed oils has been measured via clean-up on a short silica gel column, followed by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering

Gas chromatographic study on high-temperature thermal degradation products of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides

Abstract  Chromatographic techniques were used to separate secondary products generated by thermal degradation of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides (MLHP). The MLHP were obtained by oxidation, selected, and concentrated by solid-phase extr

Ruthenium-catalyzed metathesis of vegetable oils

Abstract  A new process for the acyclic diene metathesis of vegetable oils utilizing Grubbs’ ruthenium catalyst (Cy3P)2Cl2Ru = CHPh has been developed. The higher molecular weight oligomers obtained can be separated from the unreacted oil

An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of phenothiazines in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry using backflush column switching

Abstract  An automated on-line method for simultaneous analysis of five phenothiazine drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry (SSI-MS) has been established, using backflush column s

Skeletal isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids: the role of mesopores in HBeta zeolites

Fatty acids are an important class of feedstock for the production of many chemicals, such as surfactants, lubricants, biodiesel, etc. Fatty acids derived from vegetable oils and animal fats typically have linear aliphatic chain, and are therefore

Entrapment of enzyme in water-restricted microenvironment for enzyme-mediated catalysis under microemulsion-based organogels

Abstract  Nonaqueous enzymology has emerged as a major area of biotechnology research and development. Enzymes in organic solvents offer great potential for the biocatalysis of a wide range of chemical processes that cannot occur in wate

Purification and characterization of an exoinulinase from Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract  An extracellular exoinulinase was purified from the crude extract of Aspergillus fumigatus by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200, concanavalin A-linked amin

Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis

Abstract  The systemic vasculitides are heterogeneous conditions of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation and necrosis of different sized blood vessels. Wegener’s Granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg Strauss

Feasibility of Phospholipids Separation by Packed Column SFC with Mass Spectrometric and Light Scattering Detection

Abstract  Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) have been separated by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering and mass spectr

Authigenic carbonates from methane seeps of the Congo deep-sea fan

Abstract  Submersible investigations with the ROV Victor 6000 of some pockmark structures on the seafloor of the Congo deep-sea fan have shown that they are active venting sites of methane-rich fluids, associated with abundant fauna and

Synthesis of multimorphologic nanostructured SiO2 using organogelator sol–gel transcription

Abstract  An organogelator based on 4,4′-diaminodiphe-nylmethane was synthesized facilely and its gelation ability was evaluated in various organic solvents. It gelated in 11 of 15 organic solvents tested herein, loading 3.0 w

Sol–gel derived hybrid coatings for the improvement of scratch resistance of polyethylene

Abstract  Organic–inorganic hybrid materials were prepared through the sol–gel approach starting from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), as silica precursor, and triethoxysilane terminated polymers; before gelling the solutions were a

Arsenic adsorption on nanocrystalline goethite: the natural example of bolar earths from Mt Amiata (Central Italy)

Abstract  Bolar earths deposits from Mt Amiata (Central Italy) consist of nanosized pseudo-spherical goethite, with average crystal size of 10–15 nm (as determined by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microsco

Oxidation potential and the composition of metamorphic fluid as a solution to the inverse problem of convex programming

Abstract  Using the Selektor-C software program package, oxidation potential and the composition of metamorphogenic fluid were determined for mineral assemblages from nine samples of granulite-grade metamorphic rocks by solving the inver

Base sequence- and T m-dependent DNA oligomer separation by open tubular capillary columns carrying complementary DNA oligomers as probes

Abstract  DNA chips prepared on a flat glass surface have unavoidable drawbacks when used for quantitative analysis. In an attempt to overcome this problem, we constructed an HPLC-type system suitable for quantitative analysis that enabl

A shifted repertoire of endocannabinoid genes in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio )

Abstract  The zebrafish has served as a model organism for developmental biology. Sequencing its genome has expanded zebrafish research into physiology and drug-development testing. Several cannabinoid pharmaceuticals are in development,

Docking and virtual screening of ACE inhibitory dipeptides

Abstract  Screening, isolation and in vitro or in vivo assays have been used for characterisation of bioactive peptides derived from food proteins. Bioinformatic computational methods as quantitative structure–activity relationship

Enantioseparation of catechin and epicatechin in plant food by chiral capillary electrophoresis

Abstract  The enantiomers of catechin and epicatechin were separated by chiral capillary electrophoresis using modified cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Various conditions for the separation system were optimized, including the pH valu

Thermodynamics of the Au-Si-O System: Application to the Synthesis and Growth of Silicon-Silicon dioxide Nanowires

Abstract  The Solid-Vapor-Liquid-Solid (SVLS) process is a fundamental mechanism for the growth of nanowires. In this article, experimental observations and assessment of thermodynamic data have been used to explain the Solid-Vapor-Liqui

Alzheimer’s therapeutics

Abstract  Factors limiting the therapeutic application of neurotrophins to neurodegenerative diseases include poor stability and CNS penetration. Moreover, certain neurotrophin effects, such as promotion of neuronal death via interaction

Concomitant skarn and syenitic magma evolution at the margins of the Zippa Mountain pluton

Summary  Zippa Mountain pluton is a Mesozoic concentrically-zoned intrusion, located within the Canadian Cordillera of British Columbia. An extensive phase of K-feldspar bearing syenite grades towards its margins to mela-syenite and clin

Rapid determination of triazophos using acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on sol–gel interface assembling multiwall carbon nanotubes

Abstract  A sensitive and stable amperometric sensor has been devised for rapid determination of triazophos based on efficient immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on silica sol–gel (SiSG) film assembling multiwall carbon

Investigation of Co/SiC interface reaction

Abstract  Interface reaction, phase transition, and composition were investigated for Co thin films on amorphous SiC films as a function of heat treatment (600∼1000°C). Amorphous SiC layers were grown on (001) Si substrate by magn

Fractionation and characterization of polysaccharides from cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima in nitrogen-limited batch culture

Abstract  By a sequentially selective extraction procedure, polysaccharides (PS) from cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima that can be bio-functionally healthy components were fractionated in four parts including the culture medium (PSC

Low-temperature sintering of SiC reticulated porous ceramics with MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 additives as sintering aids

Abstract  SiC reticulated porous ceramics (SiC RPCs) was fabricated with polymer replicas method by using MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 additives as sintering aids at 1,000∼1,450 °C. The MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 additives were from al

Reinforcement of hydrated portland cement with high molecular mass water-soluble polymers

Abstract  A small amount of polymer in water solution form (polyvinylpyrolidone or polyvinylalcohol) was added to a mix high silicate cement + amorphous silica, with reduced water to cement ratio. It was shown that as the molecular mass

Laser-induced titanium disilicide formation for submicron technologies

Abstract  Currently, a two-step anneal is employed for the formation of titanium selfaligned silicide (Salicide). The first rapid thermal anneal (RTA) step is to achieve the C49 TiSi2 phase, and the second step is to form the low resisti

Effects of process parameter variations on the removal rate in chemical mechanical polishing of 4H-SiC

Abstract  The effects of temperature, slurry pH, applied pressure, and polishing rotation rate on the material removal rate during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of 4H-silicon carbide wafers using colloidal silica slurry and polyure

Treating electroplating residues with thermal plasmas

Abstract  A process for the treatment of sludge containing heavy metals generated in electroplating processes has been developed. The process is based on the use of a plasma system and allows the recovery of some of the metals contained

In?vitro evaluation of the use of zeolites as biomaterials: effects on simulated body fluid and two types of cells

Abstract  Various zeolites were kept in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different periods of time. Possible changes that may occur in the crystalline structures of zeolites and the chemical composition of SBF were determined by various an

Co-luminescence Effect of Heterometallic Terbium–Gadolinium Hybrid Molecular Materials Constructed by Covalent Grafting

Abstract  In this paper, 2-chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) and 2-chloronicotinic acid (CNA) were modified by 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (APMS) to afford corresponding organic–inorganic monomers (CBA–APMS and CNA–APMS) with

Molecular characterization of a severe isolate of papaya ringspot virus in Mexico and its relationship with other isolates

Abstract  The virus most often reported in papaya (Carica papaya L.) is papaya ringspot (PRSV). The aim of this work was the molecular genomic characterization of a Mexican severe isolate of PRSV-P “Mex-VrPO” (isolate from th

Gas-chromatographic identification of fluorine-containing organic compounds

Abstract  The gas-chromatographic retention of a series of fluoroalkylarenes on the standard nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase OV-101 was characterized, and the retention indices of these compounds were determined. It was fo

Determination of drug–serum protein interactions via fluorescence polarization measurements

Abstract  New fast methods for the determination of pharmacokinetic behaviour of potential drug candidates are receiving increasing interest. We present a new homogeneous method for the determination of drug binding and drug competition

Characterization of Multilayer-enhanced Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Substrates and Their Potential for SERS Nanoimaging

Abstract  Multilayer gold surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, which consist of continuous gold films that are separated by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and cast over 430-nm diameter silica nanospheres on a glass slid

Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

Abstract  Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various transition metal/metal oxide catalysts was studied in a batch autoclave reactor. Azelaic and pelargonic acids are the major reacti

The effect of post-treatment of a high-velocity oxy-fuel Ni-Cr-Mo-Si-B coating part 2: Erosion-corrosion behavior

Abstract  In this paper, a study of the erosion-corrosion characteristics of a Ni-Cr-Mo-Si-B coating applied by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process on to an austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31603) substrate are reported. The coatin

Experimental research on cyclone performance at high temperature

Abstract  To predict the influence of operating temperatures on cyclone performance, an experimental investigation was conducted on particle separation in a reverse flow, tangential volute-inlet cyclone separator with a diameter of 300 m

Environmental impact on construction limestone at humid regions with an emphasis on salt weathering, Al-hambra islamic archaeological site, Granada City, Spain: case study

Abstract  Al-hambra is an immense and valuable archaeological site in Spain built on Sabika hill with red brick and natural sandy limestone. It exhibits weathering features indicating salt weathering process. The main aim of this study i

Optimization of the AT-content of Codons Immediately Downstream of the Initiation Codon and Evaluation of Culture Conditions for High-level Expression of Recombinant Human G-CSF in Escherichia?coli

Abstract  Enhanced therapeutic importance of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) has encouraged us to develop a processing method for its high-level expression in E. coli. In this study, we established

Dense Si3N4 coatings with high friction coefficient deposited by high-velocity pulsed plasma spraying

Abstract  A novel electromagnetically accelerated plasma spraying technique was applied to mixtures of αSi3N4, and alumina, yttria, and silica additives to deposit thin coatings (50–100 μm) onto mirror-polished stainless steel su

Simultaneous analysis of cationic, anionic, and neutral compounds using monolithic CEC columns

Abstract  A new capillary electrochromatography (CEC) column for the simultaneous analysis of cationic, neutral, and anionic compounds using CEC-ESI-MS is described. Three different silica monolith columns were prepared by changing the p

Simultaneous determination of urinary hydroxylated metabolites of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene as multiple biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract  A method is presented for determining monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAHs) having 2-, 3- and 4-rings in human urine by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A urine sample co

Determination of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in human serum by liquid chromatography after fluorescence labeling based on the Suzuki coupling reaction

Abstract  A simultaneous method for the determination of haloperidol (HP) and its metabolite, reduced haloperidol (RHP), in human serum was developed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

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Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Fly Ash–Polyaniline Matrix Nanorod Composites

Abstract.  Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites were prepared with fly ash (FA) either by aging the starting materials (aniline and FA) before oxidative polymerisation or by including poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSSA) eliminating the agin

Study of the three-way interaction between Trichoderma atroviride, plant and fungal pathogens by using a proteomic approach

Abstract  The main molecular factors involved in the complex interactions occurring between plants (bean), two different fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani) and an antagonistic strain of the genus Trichoderma were investigate

Homologous analysis of SSR-ESTs and transferability of wheat SSR-EST markers across barley, rice and maize

Summary  Comparative genetic analysis has shown that different plant species often share orthologous genes for very similar functions, especially for cereal crops. In this study, we focused on analyzing the utility of EST-SSR markers among monoc

Analysis of uranium-bearing Fe-phosphide from a submerged arc furnace for phosphorus production

Summary  During a study on the Fe-phosphide phase formed during phosphorus production in a submerged arc furnace, a sample of ferrophosphorus was found which contains a so far unknown uranium-bearing Fe-phosphide. Uranium, as well as oth

Reflectance spectroscopy of gold nanoshells: computational predictions and experimental measurements

Abstract  Gold nanoshells are concentric spherical constructs that possess highly desirable optical responses in the near infrared. Gold nanoshells consist of a thin outer gold shell and a silica core and can be used for both diagnostic and ther

Short-Timescale Chemo-Mechanical Effects and their Influence on the Transport Properties of Fractured Rock

Abstract  Anomalous changes in permeability are reported in fractures circulated by fluids undersaturated with respect to the mineral host. Under net dissolution and net removal of mineral mass, fractures may alternately gape or seal, de

A rapid method for the determination of vitamin E forms in tissues and diet by high-performance liquid chromatography using a normal-phase diol column

Abstract  This paper describes a simple method for the analysis of tocopherols in tissues by which frozen tissues −70°C were pulverized at dry ice temperatures (−70°C) and immediately extracted with hexane. There was no nee

Differential effect of N-ethyl maleimide on Δ6-desaturase activity in human fetal liver toward fatty acids of the n?6 and n?3 series

Abstract  The effect of N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) on Δ5-and Δ6-desaturase activities and the incorporation of substrates and products into different microsomal lipid classes and phospholipid (PL) subclasses were studied in human

Reinvestigation of positional distribution of fatty acids in docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil triacyl-sn-glycerols

Abstract  Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich tuna orbital and bonito head oils has been reanalyzed by a method based on chromatographic separation of isomeric and enantiomeri

Rapid and improved method for the determination of bile acids in human feces using MS

Abstract  A simple method for the determination of bile acids in adult human fecal samples using GC-MS is described. Bile acids are directly extracted from feces by ethanol (95%) containing 0.1 N NaOH. Extracts are purified by passage th

Effect of starvation on lipid metabolism and stability of DHA content of lipids in horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) tissues

Abstract  For the purpose of characterizing the effect of starvation on 22∶6n−3 (DHA) content in marine fish tissues, horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were reared in a tank containing filtered, sterilized seawater under n

Regiospecific analysis by ethanolysis of oil with immobilized Candida antarctica lipase

Abstract  A mixture of oil/ethanol (1∶3, w/w) was shaken at 30°C with 4% immobilized Candida antarctica lipase by weight of the reaction mixture. The reaction regiospecifically converted FA at the 1- and 3-positions to FA ethyl es

GmZFP1 encoding a single zinc finger protein is expressed with enhancement in reproductive organs and late seed development in soybean (Glycine max)

Abstract  The plant TFIIIA zinc finger proteins play important roles in plant growth and development. In this report, we isolated a single zinc finger gene, designated as GmZFP1, from soybean flowers by in silico mRNA subtraction strategy and RT

Structure, age and mode of emplacement of the Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (Central Pyrenees, France)

Abstract  The Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (20 km2) in the Central Pyrenees intrudes Devonian and Carboniferous metasediments. It shows a concentric zoning and consists of a significant proportion of (quartz) gabbros in its periphery,

The interphase and interface microstructure and chemistry of isothermal/isobaric chemical vapour infiltration SiC/BN/SiC composites: TEM and electron energy loss studies

Abstract  The boron nitride interphase and its interfaces in two-dimensional-SiC/BN/SiC composites have been analysed by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. BN was deposited by isothermal/isobaric chem

Compositional and technological features of glazed pottery from Aosta Valley (Italy): a SEM–EDS investigation

Abstract  Twelve finds from archaeological excavations carried out in the Aosta region (Italy) were studied by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (SEM–EDS). The archaeological samples were s

Development of an efficient method for the preparative isolation and purification of chlorophyll a from a marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae by high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatog

Abstract  In our research into chlorophylls of marine dinoflagellates, chlorophyll a was separated rapidly from the hexane extract of Amphidinium carterae in three steps. The first step was silica gel column chromatography, where elution was per

Comparison of alpha1-adrenergic receptor cell-membrane stationary phases prepared from expressed cell line and from rabbit hepatocytes

Abstract  A G-protein-coupled receptor-cell-membrane stationary phase (CMSP) has been prepared by immobilizing cell membranes on the surface of silica, as carrier. The resulting HEK293 α 1A ad

Corrosive degradation of a dense Si3N4 in a burner rig

Abstract  The demands for greater efficiency and reduced environmental pollution are two of the main factors behind the intense research and development for new and improved materials for propulsion and power generation systems. On the g

An XPS and thermogravimetric study of oxidized AlN and AlN–Si3N4 layers deposited by liquid-phase chemical vapour deposition

Abstract  The results of a comparative study of the resistance to oxidation of AlN and a codeposit of AlN–Si3N4 are presented. The oxidation of both types of layer was performed at 1200°C in an oxygen gas flow (pO2∼1 atm). A

Transmission electron microscopy of the fibre-matrix interface in SiC-SCS-6-fibre-reinforced IMI834 alloys

Abstract  In SiC-SCS-6-fibre-reinforced IMI834 alloys, a high thermal stability of tensile properties and of the fibre-matrix interface for temperatures up to 700 °C was reported. In the present paper, the interface of these composites

A Study on Fluoride Sorption by Montmorillonite and Kaolinite

Abstract  Fluoride (F) sorption by acidified montmorillonite, montmorillonite and kaolinite has been investigated as a function of period of agitation, pH, initial fluoride concentration and clay amount. In case of montmorillonite and ka

Arthrobacter sp. lipase immobilization for improvement in stability and enantioselectivity

Abstract   Arthrobacter sp. lipase (ABL, MTCC no. 5125) is being recognized as an efficient enzyme for the resolution of drugs and their intermediates. The immobilization of ABL on various matrices for its enantioselectivity, stab

Production of rice husks composites with Acacia mimosa tannin-based resin

Abstract  Rice husks are amongst the typical agricultural residues, which are easily available in huge amounts. They have been considered as raw material for composites panels’ production. However, the major hindrance in rice husks utiliza

Determination of trace amounts of fatty acids in edible oils by capillary gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract  The effect of using different gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) hardware to quantify low concentrations of fatty acids was studies. A fused-silica capillary column was operated in two different chromatographs (A and B) that were

Purification of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters from tuna oil with supercritical fluid chromatography

Abstract  The technical and economic feasibility of producing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-ethyl ester concentrates from transesterified tuna oil using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was studied.

Hydrolysis of palm olein catalyzed by solid heteropolyacids

Abstract  The hydrolysis activity of superacids on palm olein, including tungstophosphoric acid and molybdophosphoric acid and their partially ion-exchanged cesium (Cs) salt, were investigated and compared with macroporous cation-exchang

Analysis of free and esterified sterols in vegetable oils

Abstract  In vegetable oils, phytosterols occur as free sterols or as steryl esters. Few analytical methods report the quantification of esterified and free sterols in vegetable oils. In this study, esterified and free sterols were separ

Aldehydes in grain sorghum wax

Abstract  Improved knowledge of the properties, composition, and analysis of grain sorghum wax would assist in efforts for industrial application of this product. Wax extracted from grain sorghum, harvested in 1996 in Nebraska, using hot

The use of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction and in-situ methanolysis of cis-vaccenic acid in milkweed seeds

Abstract   cis-Vaccenate was determined in milkweed (Ascelpias) seed employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with in-situ enzymatic methanolysis. Candida antarctica lipase type B immobilized onto two different types of carrier mat

Ultrasonically assisted solid-phase extraction and GC analysis of filbertone in hazelnut oil

Abstract  Ultrasound was used to assist solid-phase extraction (SPE) of filbertone (E-5-methylhept-2-en-4-one) from hazelnut oil. Interferences from TG were reduced for effective separation and detection during chromatographic analysis.

An aqueous suspension system for phospholipase D-mediated synthesis of PS without toxic organic solvent

Abstract  Enzymatic synthesis of PS by phospholipase D (PLD)-mediated transphosphatidylation in an aqueous media was investigated. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel synthetic method where no toxic organic solvents were u

Electrochemical hydrogenation of canola oil using a hydrogen transfer agent

Abstract  A novel low-temperature process for the electrochemical hydrogenation of canola oil is described. An emulsion of oil and water containing formic acid and a nickel hydrogenation catalyst, placed in the cathode compartment of an

Membrane and additional adsorption processes for quality improvement of used frying oils

Abstract  The main focus of our study was to improve the quality of used frying oils for recycling as edible oils. Experiments were conducted with hexane-diluted, used frying oils in a batch membrane cell using a nonporous polymeric comp

Continuous production of ethyl esters of grease using an immobilized lipase

Abstract  The continous production of ethyl esters of grease using a phyllosilicate sol-gel immobilized lipase from Burkholderias cepacia (IM BS-30) as catalyst was investigated. Enzymatic transesterification was carried out in a recirculating p

Inactive and active states and supramolecular organization of GPCRs: insights from computational modeling

Abstract  Herein we make an overview of the results of our computational experiments aimed at gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms of GPCR functioning either in their normal conditions or when hit by gain-of-function or loss-of-function

Diacylglycerol synthesis by enzymatic glycerolysis: Screening of commercially available lipases

Abstract  Seven lipases were screened for their ability to synthesize DAG in the glycerolysis of rapeseed oil. In batch reactions with free glycerol, the lipase carrier was of great importance for catalysis. Catalysis did not take place

Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofuranyl fatty acids from linoleic acid by clavibacter sp. ALA2

Abstract   Clavibacter sp. ALA2 converts linoleic acid into many novel oxygenated products including hydroxy FA and tetrahydrofuranyl unsaturated FA (THFA). One of them was tentatively identified by GC-MS as 12,13,16-trihydroxy-9

Oil fractionation as a preliminary step in the characterization of vegetable oils by high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy

Abstract  One hundred nine oil samples were separated chromatographically to obtain oil fractions with a decreased TAG content but with enhanced levels of the minor components that define oil genuineness and quality. The oils, which incl

Evaluation of the CP-Sil 88 and SP-2560 GC columns used in the recently approved AOCS official method Ce 1h-05: Determination of cis-, trans-, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable or non-ruminant animal oils and fats by

Abstract  The AOCS Official Method Ce 1h-05 was recently approved at the 96th AOCS Annual Meeting (2005) by the Uniform Methods Committee as the official method for determining cis and trans FA in vegetable or non-ruminant fats and oils.

Cloning and structural analysis of an Indian little millet (Panicum sumatrense) zein-like storage protein: Implications for molecular assembly

Abstract  Zeins are prolamin storage proteins that accumulate in kernel endosperm of several cereals. For cloning of genes coding for zein-like proteins that accumulate in enhanced quantities in the filling stages of little millet (Panic

A model to infer the pathogenic significance of CDH1 germline missense variants

Abstract  Germline mutations of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) are involved in the tumorigenesis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Recent studies have highlighted the lifesaving potential of total prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 germlin

Alumina supported tungsten hydrides, new efficient catalysts for alkane metathesis

Silica and alumina supported tantalum and tungsten hydrides were tested in alkane metathesis, for comparison of their catalytic properties. In propane metathesis [W]–H/Al2O3 proves to be twice more efficient than the usual [Ta]–H/SiO2

A temperature and magnetic field dependence M?ssbauer study of ?-Fe2O3

Abstract  ɛ-Fe2O3 was synthesized as nanoparticles by a pre-vacuum heat treatment of yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) in a silica matrix at 300°C followed by sintering in air at 1,000°C for up to 10 h. It displays complex magnetic prop

Isolation and characterization of dihydromonacolin-MV from Monascus purpureus for antioxidant properties

Abstract  The methanolic extract of Monascus purpureus cultivated by solid-state fermentation on rice showed strong 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and better yield as compared to other polarity based ex

Kairomones Extracted from Rice Yellow Stem Borer and their Influence on Egg Parasitization by Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead

Abstract  Host location and acceptance by egg parasitoids can be mediated by close-range host stimuli. In this study, we tested the response of Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead to cuticular extracts of adult and larval rice yellow stem bor

Post-Extraction Losses of Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Capillary Extraction–HRGC Analysis: A Quantitative Assessment

Abstract  Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-, m-, and p-xylenes (BTEX), were extracted from aqueous samples by capillary extraction (CEx), a manual form of in-tube microextraction inherently compatible with capillary GC, and analyzed

Allophane: a natural gel in volcanic soils with interesting environmental properties

Abstract  Volcanic (allophanic) soils are interesting in terms of the control of the greenhouse effect and the knowledge of the porous features is of importance to understand the mechanism of C and N sequestration. These soils contain a

Characterisation of a new sol-gel precursor for a SiO2-rhodamine 6G hybrid class II material

Abstract  The entrapment of organic dyes in inorganic solids offers several advantage for solid-state laser applications with respect to the use of liquid or polymer hosts. Among the various inorganic hosts, silica is preferred for its s

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to fungicide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables

Abstract  A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography–electrospay ionization–mass spectrometry used to analyze fifteen fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables is described. The method

Occurrence of Conjugated Linolenic Acids in Purified Soybean Oil

Abstract  A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLN). Methyl esters prepared from purified lipid fractions of soybean

Discovery of seismites in Upper Sinian stratiform lead-zinc deposits in Dadu River valley, Sichuan, China: Implication for ore genesis

Abstract  A number of lead-zinc sulphide deposits have been discovered in recent years in dolomitic rocks of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Dadu River valley region, Sichuan Province, China. The lead-zinc mineralization is cl

Forsterite ceramics for millimeterwave dielectrics

Abstract  The wireless communications have been tremendously developed in the recent ubiquitous age. The utilizable frequency region has been expanded to millimeterwaves because of shortage of conventional frequency regions. For the ultr

Bulk chemical properties of new elements from one-atom-at-a-time data

Abstract  For the volatile (oxo)halides of known elements the energies of desorption from the surface of fused silica measured in radiochemical gas-solid chromatographic experiments proved close to the sublimation energies. This could ha

Mechanisms of mineral scaling in oil and geothermal wells studied in laboratory experiments by nuclear techniques

Abstract  Two independent nuclear methods have been developed and tested for studies of mineral scaling mechanisms and kinetics related to the oil and geothermal industry. The first is a gamma transmission method to measure mass increase

A cryptic type I polyketide synthase (cpk) gene cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Abstract  The chromosome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a model organism for the genus Streptomyces, contains a cryptic type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster which was revealed when the genome was sequenced. The ca. 54-kb clus

Microtaphonomy of bioclasts and paleoecology of microencrusters from Upper Jurassic spongiolithic limestones (External Prebetic, Southern Spain)

Abstract  Microencrusters and microtaphonomic features of the Oxfordian spongiolithic limestones of the External Prebetic were studied using thin-section analysis. The spongiolithic limestone is a bioclastic-rich packstone with common ec

Eu3+-fluorescence properties in nano-crystallized SnO2-SiO2 glass-ceramics

Abstract  Fluorescence and spectral hole burning properties of Eu3+ ions were studied in nanocrystals-precipitated SnO2-SiO2 glasses. The glasses were prepared to contain various amount of Eu2O3 using the sol-gel method, in which SnO2 nanocrysta

Determination of butyltin and octyltin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) products by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with flame-photometric detection

Abstract  Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) have been investigated for determination of butyltin and octyltin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) produc

Linkage mapping of the locus for inherited ovine arthrogryposis (IOA) to sheep Chromosome 5

Abstract  Arthrogryposis is a congenital malformation affecting the limbs of newborn animals and infants. Previous work has demonstrated that inherited ovine arthrogryposis (IOA) has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Two affect

Wide-field corrector for a Gregorian telescope

Abstract  A prime-focus corrector for a Gregorian system is proposed that provides a field of view of up to 3° with sub-arsecond image quality at 0.35–0.90 microns. The corrector includes five lenses made of the same glass (prefer

Determination of sub-ppb reserpine by an optosensing device based on photochemically induced fluorescence

Abstract  A flow injection–solid-phase spectroscopy (FI-SPS) system implemented with photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) is described for the rapid and very sensitive determination of reserpine in biological fluids and pharm

On the transition from pushing to engulfment during directional solidification of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based metal-matrix composite 2014+10 vol pct Al2O3

Abstract  Microstructural evolution in the commercial aluminum-based metal matrix composite 2014+10 vol pct Al2O3 was investigated during directional solidification with planar interface within the initial transient. Investigations were

Mechanisms of mineral scaling in oil and geothermal wells studied in laboratory experiments by nuclear techniques

Abstract  Two independent nuclear methods have been developed and tested for studies of mineral scaling mechanisms and kinetics related to the oil and geothermal industry. The first is a gamma transmission method to measure mass increase

Bulk chemical properties of new elements from one-atom-at-a-time data

Abstract  For the volatile (oxo)halides of known elements the energies of desorption from the surface of fused silica measured in radiochemical gas-solid chromatographic experiments proved close to the sublimation energies. This could ha

Complexity of rice Hsp100 gene family: lessons from rice genome sequence data

Abstract  Elucidation of genome sequence provides an excellent platform to understand detailed complexity of the various gene families. Hsp100 is an important family of chaperones in diverse living systems. There are eight putative gene

Flow injection micelle-mediated methodology for determination of lead by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract.  A simple and sensitive flow injection micelle-mediated method was developed for the determination of trace Pb by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ET-AAS). The formation of the analyte-entrapped surfactant micell

Intensely emitting CdTe nanocrystals retained initial photoluminescence efficiency in sol–gel derived Si1-xZrxO2 glass

Abstract  Emitting CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) were embedded in pure glass matrices (Si1-xZrxO2, x≤0.15) using a controlled sol–gel method, where the pre-hydrolyzed condition, the molar ratio of Zr/Si, the gelation time, the pH,

Interactive Effects of Fly Ash and CNI on Corrosion of Reinforced High-Performance Concrete

Abstract  The interactive effects of fly ash and CNI in corrosion of reinforced concrete were investigated. A 34 full factorial design was developed considering water to cement ratio, fly ash percent, CNI and cracked condition as factors.

Chemical characteristics and pollution sources of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs in sediments from the Beiluohe River, Northern China

Abstract  To determine the degree of hydrocarbon contamination and the contribution of local petroleum industries to contaminant loadings in sediments from the Beiluohe River, China, 12 surface sediment samples were collected for geochem

Silicate complexation of NpO2+ ion in perchlorate media

Abstract  Complexation behavior of NpO2 + with ortho-silicic acid (o-SA) has been studied using solvent extraction at ionic strengths varying from 0.10 to 1.00M (NaClO4) at pcH 3.68±0.08 and 25 °C with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric aci

Pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood

Abstract  Methamphetamine and amphetamine were extracted from human whole blood samples using pipette tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) with MonoTip C18 tips, on which C18-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human whole blood (0.1&nbs

Deciphering modular and dynamic behaviors of transcriptional networks

Abstract  The coordinated and dynamic modulation or interaction of genes or proteins acts as an important mechanism used by a cell in functional regulation. Recent studies have shown that many transcriptional networks exhibit a scale-fre

Redo Gastric Restriction: A Higher Risk Procedure

Twenty-one patients have undergone redo gastric restrictive procedures, three after gastric bypass, 18 after gastroplasty. Weight at the time of the redo procedure was 101 kg ± 32.4 SD (222 lb ± 71.2) (178% IBW ± 33.8), down from 137 kg ± 65.5

Extraction and purification of an unusual phycoerythrin in a terrestrial desiccation tolerant cyanobacterium Lyngbya arboricola

Abstract  Presence and stability of an unusual phycoerythrin (PE) characteristically similar to R-PE are described in a terrestrial, desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Lyngbya arboricola. Extraction and purification of the PE by using

Identification and quantification of indole-3-acetic acid in the kelp Laminaria japonica Areschoug and its effect on growth of marine microalgae

Abstract  A method was established for the identification and quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in extracts of the kelp Laminaria japonica. An IAA content of 90–95 μg kg−1 fresh weight in kelp extract was determi

Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the Changjiang sediments: Implications for tracing sediment sources

Abstract  The suspended particulate and fine-grained floodplain sediments were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the Changjiang River for Sr-Nd isotopic measurements. The ε Nd(0) values gradually decrease dow

The Tol1 transposable element of the medaka fish moves in human and mouse cells

Abstract  DNA-based transposable elements can be used as tools for gene engineering and gene therapy. A great advantage over RNA-mediated elements and retroviruses is the simplicity and safety of usage. The Tol1 element of the medaka fis

Application of a novel gelled-electrolyte in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries with tubular positive plates

Abstract  A polysiloxane-based gel electrolyte (PBGE) was prepared and used as a novel gel electrolyte in valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries with tubular positive plates. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (

Thermal hardening and structure of a phosphorus containing cementitious model material

Abstract  The reaction of phosphoric acid with wollastonite has been studied for reaction mixtures with a molar ratio r=P/Ca from 0.39 up to 2.9. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveal the formation

Unigene derived microsatellite markers for the cereal genomes

Abstract  Unigene derived microsatellite (UGMS) markers have the advantage of assaying variation in the expressed component of the genome with unique identity and positions. We characterized the microsatellite motifs present in the unige

Pre- and post-transition behavior of shear-thickening fluids in oscillating shear

Abstract  The dynamic shear-thickening behavior of concentrated colloidal suspensions of fumed silica in polypropylene glycol has been investigated. Dynamic frequency sweeps showed that, for any given solids concentration, the complex vi

Tunable Assembly of Peptide-coated Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract  The interaction between peptides and gold surfaces has increasingly been of interest for bionanotechnology applications. To more fully understand how to control such interactions, we have studied the optical properties of pepti

Analysis of ENG and ACVRL1 genes in 137 HHT Italian families identifies 76 different mutations (24 novel). Comparison with other European studies

Abstract  Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder causing vascular dysplasias. About 70–80% of HHT patients carries mutations in ENG or ACVRL1 genes, which code for a TGFβ receptor type II

Influence of Oxygen Content on the Physical and Electrical Properties of Thin Yttrium Oxide Dielectrics Deposited by Reactive RF Sputtering on Si Substrates

Abstract  This paper describes the physical properties and electrical characteristics of thin Y2O3 gate oxides grown on silicon substrates through reactive radiofrequency (RF) sputtering. The structural and morphological features of thes

Preparation of ultra-and nanoporous glasses and study of their structural and electrokinetic characteristics in 1: 1 electrolyte solutions

Abstract  Nano-and ultraporous glass membranes with pore radii of 4.5–150 nm are prepared from sodium borosilicate glasses of various compositions. Structural parameters (structure resistance coefficient, volume porosity, and filtr

Direct catalytic oxidation of methane to formaldehyde: New investigation opportunities provided by an improved flow circulation method

Abstract  An improved flow circulation reactor with reaction mixture quenching was used to study the direct oxidation of methane to formaldehyde at 600–770°C, a CH4/O2 volume ratio of 1: 1 in the starting mixture, and gas mixture

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Effect of coupling agents on the crystallinity and viscoelastic properties of composites of rice hull ash-filled polypropylene

Abstract  This paper focuses on the application of silica rich, rice hull ash (RHA) from the rice industry as filler in polypropylene (PP). The dynamic rheological behaviour and the crystallinity of its composites with semi-amorphous pol

Nanocrystal and surface alloy properties of bimetallic Gold-Platinum nanoparticles

Abstract  We report on the correlation between the nanocrystal and surface alloy properties with the bimetallic composition of gold-platinum(AuPt) nanoparticles. The fundamental understanding of whether the AuPt nanocrystal core is alloy

Chemical Immobilization of Heteropolyacid Catalyst on Inorganic Mesoporous Material for use as an Oxidation Catalyst

Abstract  Recent progress on the chemical immobilization of heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst on inorganic mesoporous material is reported in this review. Mesostructured cellular foam silica, mesoporous carbon, and nitrogen-containing mesopo

A multicenter analysis of the FIP1L1-αPDGFR fusion gene in Japanese idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: an aberrant splicing skipping the αPDGFR exon 12

Abstract  To study the clinical characteristics of hypereosionophilic syndrome and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (HES/CEL) in Japan, the clinical data of 29 HES/CEL patients throughout the country were surveyed. Moreover, the involvement

Structural and biochemical studies on Pompe disease and a “pseudodeficiency of acid α-glucosidase”

Abstract  We constructed structural models of the catalytic domain and the surrounding region of human wild-type acid α-glucosidase and the enzyme with amino acid substitutions by means of homology modeling, and examined whether the

Characterization of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Interactions with Extracellular Matrix in an in Vitro System

Abstract  Controlled dispersion of therapeutic agents within liquid- and gel-filled cavities represents a barrier to treatment of some cancers and other pathological states. Interstitial delivery is compromised by the poor mobility of ma

Late Pliocene Mega Debris Flow Deposit and Related Fluid Escapes Identified on the Antarctic Peninsula Continental Margin by Seismic Reflection Data Analysis

Abstract  We have obtained improved images of a debris flow deposit through the reprocessing of multichannel seismic reflection data between Drifts 6 and 7 of the continental rise of the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. The rep

Determination of α-tocopherol and ergocalciferol by thin-layer chromatography

Abstract  A procedure was developed for determining α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) in oils. The procedure involved the alkaline hydrolysis of an oil according to GOST (State Standard) 30417 followed by the

A method for producing gradient density aerogel

Abstract  The Stardust Mission used gradient density aerogel as the hypervelocity particle capture medium in both the cometary and interstellar collection grids. The development and production of these materials was performed exclusively

Development of a Maturing T-Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease Receiving r-metHuGDNF Via Continuous Intraputaminal Infusion

Abstract  The development of a maturing T-cell-mediated immune response was characterized in Parkinson’s disease subjects receiving recombinant human glial-derived neurotrophic factor (r-metHuGDNF) via continuous bilateral intraput

Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Stramenopiles: Eukaryotic Winners in the Diatom Complex Chloroplast

Abstract  Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that, in eukaryotes, is synthesized either in the plastids of photoautotrophs or in the cytosol of fungi and oomycetes. Here we present an in silico analysis of the tryptophan biosynthetic

Conceptual design of carbon nanotube processes

Abstract  Carbon nanotubes, discovered in 1991, are a new form of pure carbon that is perfectly straight tubules with diameter in nanometers, length in microns. The conceptual designs of two processes are described for the industrial-sca

A strategy to optimize the oligo-probes for microarray-based detection of viruses

Abstract  DNA microarrays have been acknowledged to represent a promising approach for the detection of viral pathogens. However, the probes designed for current arrays could cover only part of the given viral variants, that could result

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Fixed bed adsorption of benzothiophene over zeolites with faujasite structure

Abstract   This work addresses the adsorption of benzothiophene (BT), as a model heterocyclic and aromatic sulphur compound present in road fuels, over agglomerated zeolites with faujasite structure. Several adsorbents based on z

Organization of reconstituted lipoprotein MexA onto supported lipid membrane

Abstract  MexA, a periplasmic component of OprM-MexA-MexB tripartite multidrug efflux pump from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is natively anchored via its fatty acid in the bacteria inner membrane protruding into the periplasm. We used supported

Characteristics and applications of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)

Abstract  Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is a sensitive, isothermal, transcription-based amplification system specifically designed for the detection of RNA targets. In some NASBA systems, DNA is also amplified though

Simple Analytical Method for the Determination of Paclitaxel (Taxol ? ) Levels in Human Plasma

Abstract  Paclitaxel has been widely used for tumor chemotherapy in recent years and it would be useful to assess occupational exposure to the drug, if only to confirm that the procedures and measures for prevention and protection applie

Investigations into the taxonomy of the mushroom pathogen Verticillium fungicola and its relatives based on sequence analysis of nitrate reductase and ITS regions

Abstract  The full sequence of the nitrate reductase gene was obtained from a type isolate of Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola and used for phylogenetic analysis against other ascomycete fungi. Sequencing obtained 2749 bp of coding region,

Chemical pretreatment of feed water for membrane distillation

Abstract  Membrane distillation was used to produce demineralized water from ground water. The influence of feed water pretreatment carried out in a contact clarifier (softening with Ca(OH)2 and coagulation with FeSO4 · 7H2O) followed b

Effect of cocatalyst on the chemical composition distribution and microstructure of ethylene-hexene copolymer produced by a metallocene/Ziegler-Natta hybrid catalyst

Abstract  A silica-magnesium bisupport (SMB) was prepared by a sol-gel method for use as a support for metallocene/Ziegler-Natta hybrid catalyst. The SMB was treated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) prior to the immobilization of TiCl4 and r

Identification of InuR, a new Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional activator involved in the regulation of inulinolytic genes in Aspergillus niger

Abstract  The expression of inulinolytic genes in Aspergillus niger is co-regulated and induced by inulin and sucrose. We have identified a positive acting transcription factor InuR, which is required for the induced expression of inulin

Fabrication and Properties of an Asymmetric Waveguide Containing Nanoparticles

A wavelength-tunable light-emitting source consisting of a multilayer asymmetric waveguide structure was designed, modeled, and fabricated on a silicon substrate. The structure has two layers: a silica cladding and a zirconia-Glymo (γ-glycido

Cu/SBA-15 as adsorbent for propane/propylene separation

Abstract  Samples of mesoporous silica SBA-15 were prepared under hydrothermal conditions where Cu cations were incorporated to the structure by impregnation in order to compare the adsorption behavior in the presence and absence of this

Synthesis and framework topology of the new disordered ERS-10 zeolite

Abstract  The synthesis and crystal structure of the microporous crystalline aluminosilicate ERS-10 are here described. The zeolite was synthesized using a 6-azonia-spiro-[5,5]-undecane hydroxide as structure directing agent (SDA), tetr

Canonical pathways and networks regulated by estrogen in the bovine mammary gland

Abstract  Many attempts have been made to identify estrogen-responsive genes using high-throughput approaches such as microarray, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), and in silico prediction. However, few studies have systematical

Experimental peridotite–melt reaction at one atmosphere: a textural and chemical study

Abstract  Sieve-textured clinopyroxene and spinel are common in mantle xenoliths and have been interpreted to be the result of partial melting, mantle metasomatism and host magma–xenolith reaction during transport. In this paper, w

Mechanisms of Microstructure Evolution in an Austenitic Stainless Steel Bond Generated Using a Quaternary Braze Alloy

Abstract  In typical braze joints, melting point depressants degrade the structural robustness by concentrating as brittle phases into continuous seams along the centerline. The objective of the present article is to sufficiently underst

FTIR study of the sol–gel synthesis of cementitious gels: C–S–H and N–A–S–H

Abstract  The study explored the compatibility between the main product of Portland cement hydration and the main product of the alkali activation of fly ash: C–S–H and N–A–S–H gels, respectively. Both gels

Bioactive textiles by sol–gel immobilised natural active agents

Abstract  The sol–gel immobilisation and controlled release of various bioactive liquids (BL) from within modified silica coatings were investigated, in order to evaluate the suitability of functionalised textiles for the following

Vickers indentation behavior of several commercial glasses at high temperatures

Abstract  The Vickers indentation behavior of five commercial glasses has been investigated as a function of temperature. The glasses included: (i) soda-lime-silica Float glass, (ii) lead-alkali silicate, (iii) 7740 Pyrex™ borosili

High Temperature Corrosion of Cast Alloys in Exhaust Environments. II—Cast Stainless Steels

Abstract  This paper describes in detail the oxidation of two cast stainless steels in synthetic diesel and gasoline exhaust gases. One alloy was ferritic (Fe18Cr1.4Nb2.1Mn0.32C) and one austenitic (Fe20Cr9Ni1.9Nb2.7W0.47C). Polished sec

Research on diagenesis of the sandstone-type uranium deposits in Dongsheng area, Ordos Basin

Abstract  Synthetic methods of thin section petrography, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe, energy spectrum analysis, cathodoluminescence, isotopic analysis and temperature measuring for fluid inclusions were used in anal

Efficient and Sensitive Method for Quantitative Determination and Validation of Umbelliferone, Carvone and Myristicin in Anethum graveolens and Carum carvi Seed

Abstract  An efficient HPTLC method for the analysis of umbelliferone, carvone and myristicin in Anethum graveolens and Carum carvi seed was developed. The method employed HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase. M

Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin

Abstract  Simvastatin and ezetimibe are used to treat hyperlipidemia. A simple, selective and stability-indicating HPTLC method has been established for analysis of simvastatin and ezetimibe. The method has been validated so that both dr

Indirect Photometric Detection and Determination of Some Inorganic Cations in Anti-Asthmatic Homeopathic Pharmaceuticals by CE

Abstract  A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method has been optimized for the separation of some common alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations in anti-asthmatic homeopathic liquid pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out o

Determination of Celecoxib, Rofecoxib, Sodium Diclofenac and Niflumic Acid in Human Serum Samples by HPLC with DAD Detection

Abstract  A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of two COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib and rofecoxib, in addition to two well-known non-steroidal a

Multiple-step virtual screening using VSM-G: overview and validation of fast geometrical matching enrichment

Abstract  Numerous methods are available for use as part of a virtual screening strategy but, as yet, no single method is able to guarantee both a level of confidence comparable to experimental screening and a level of computing efficien

Geopolymerization reaction to consolidate incoherent pozzolanic soil

Abstract  Pozzolanic material-based geopolymer has been proposed as a solving methodology to the geohazards, due to pozzolanic collapsible soils widely present in the South Italy. The geopolymer was synthesized from pozzolana material un

Plagioclase in the Skaergaard intrusion. Part 1: Core and rim compositions in the layered series

Abstract  The anorthite content of plagioclase grains (XAn) in 12 rocks from the layered series of the Skaergaard intrusion has been studied by electron microprobe (typically ∼30 core and ∼70 rim analyses per thin section). M

Morphological, optical and electrical properties of γ CuCl deposited by vacuum evaporation

Abstract  In this study, we have investigated the microstructural and optical properties of thin films of CuCl grown by vacuum evaporation on amorphous silica glass, polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) and Silicon (100) substrates. Ro

Oil and gas potential of continental margins of the Pacific Ocean

Abstract  Oil and gas basins (OGB) of active and transform margins of the Pacific Ocean are discussed. Their western and eastern parts differ substantially in the evolution, tectonic pattern, and scope of resources. In the west, marginal

Petrochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Udokan copper-bearing sedimentary complex

Abstract  The maturity of terrigenous material of the Paleoproterozoic Udokan copper-bearing sedimentary complex is considered. The average values of hydrolyzate module (HM), alumina-silica module (AM), and Pettijohn’s coefficient

Geochemical and C, O, Sr, and U-series isotopic evidence for the meteoric origin of calcrete at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA

Abstract  Calcite-rich soils (calcrete) in alluvium and colluvium at Solitario Wash, Crater Flat, Nevada, USA, contain pedogenic calcite and opaline silica similar to soils present elsewhere in the semi-arid southwestern United States. N

A coupled non-isothermal reactive transport model for long-term geochemical evolution of a HLW repository in clay

Abstract  A numerical model of coupled saturated/unsaturated water flow, heat transfer and multi-component reactive solute transport is presented to evaluate the long-term geochemical evolution in bentonite, concrete and clay formation f

Statistical Optimization Applied to Simultaneous Determination of Maprotiline, Desipramine, and Moclobemide by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Summary.  A method of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) for separation of three most-frequently prescribed antidepressants in the market: maprotiline, desipramine, and moclobemide was developed. The proposed method is fully validated

Quantitative determination of Roundup Ready soybean ( Glycine max ) extracted from highly processed flour

Abstract  Roundup Ready soybean powder has been subjected to different amounts of DNA fragmentation to assess the accuracy of real-time PCR on processed food. Certified reference material (CRM) containing 10 g kg−1 of Rou

Origin of Fe-rich lherzolites and wehrlites from Tok, SE Siberia by reactive melt percolation in refractory mantle peridotites

Abstract  Lherzolite–wehrlite (LW) series xenoliths from the quaternary Tok volcanic field in the southeastern Siberian craton are distinguished from the more common lherzolite–harzburgite (LH) series by (a) low Mg numbers (0

Hydrogenolysis and hydroisomerization of neopentane on titanium and zirconium hydrides stabilized on the surface of SiO2: A theoretical study by density functional theory

Abstract  The model reactions of neopentane hydrogenolysis and hydroisomerization on transition metal hydrides (≡Si-O)3MIVH (1), (≡Si-O)2MIVH2 (2), and (≡Si-O)2MIIIH (3) (M = Zr, Ti) immobilized on the surface of silica were st

Identification and mapping of SNPs from ESTs in sunflower

Abstract  More than 67,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have recently been generated for sunflower (Helianthus), including 44,000 from cultivated confectionery (RHA280) and oilseed (RHA801) lines of Helianthus annuus and 23,000 from drought- a

Random sheared fosmid library as a new genomic tool to accelerate complete finishing of rice ( Oryza sativa spp. Nipponbare) genome sequence: sequencing of gap-specific fosmid clones uncovers new euchromatic portions of the genome

Abstract  The International Rice Genome Sequencing Project has recently announced the high-quality finished sequence that covers nearly 95% of the japonica rice genome representing 370 Mbp. Nevertheless, the current physical map of

Synthesis and characterization of particle loaded sol–gel composite material for microfluidic chip system

Abstract  Sol–gel immobilization provides a simple method for introducing different functions into microfluidic devices. In this study, sol–gel was employed for the immobilization of C4 modified silica particles in microfluid

Hydrochemistry of reservoirs of Damodar River basin, India: weathering processes and water quality assessment

Abstract  Water samples collected from the six reservoirs of Damodar River basin in pre- and post-monsoon, have been analysed, to study the major ion chemistry and the weathering and geochemical processes controlling the water compositio

CE, with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector, for Separation and Determination of the Enantiomers of Amlodipine in the Serum of Hypertension Patients

Abstract  A capillary electrophoretic method for separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine in the serum of hypertension patients has been established and validated. The two enantiomers were separated in a fused-silica capillary with ph

Isolation and characterization of 18 genes encoding α- and β-expansins in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract  Expansins are thought to be key regulators of cell wall extension during plant growth. In this study, we isolated 18 expansin genes from wheat, nine of which encode α-expansins while the other nine code for β-expansin

Insertional mutagenesis in Populus : relevance and feasibility

Abstract  The recent sequencing of the first tree genome, that of the black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), opens a new chapter in tree functional genomics. While the completion of the genome is a milestone, mobilizing this significant

Molecular modeling of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as ligands at the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype using nonlinear techniques

Abstract  The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been a target for drug development studies for over a decade. A series ofmono- andbis-quaternary ammonium salts, known to be antagonists at nAChRs, were separated into 3

Acridinium Ion Ionization at Elevated Temperatures and?Pressures to 200?°C and 2000 bar

Abstract  The temperature and pressure dependences of pK for acridine ion ionization were determined up to 200 °C and 2000 bar. The UV-Vis measurements at high temperatures and pressures were conducted in flow-through spectrophoto

Detection of 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin and its geological implication

Abstract  Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) causes increasing of sulfur content in the oils, reduction of oil quality, and produces a toxic and corrosive H2S which may take great adverse effect on health and equipment. Although ther

Nano-structured support materials, their characterisation and serum protein profiling through MALDI/TOF-MS

Summary.  In the bioanalytical era, novel nano-materials for the selective extraction, pre-concentration and purification of biomolecules prior to analysis are vital. Their application as affinity binding in this regard is needed to be a

On-column labeling for capillary electrophoretic analysis of individual mitochondria directly sampled from tissue cross sections

Abstract  This technical note reports on a new procedure to on-column-label organelles sampled from a tissue cross section into a fused silica capillary. These organelles are then analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with postcolumn las

Determination of ibuprofen and tetrazepam in human urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Abstract  A new micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method (MEKC) is proposed for the determination of ibuprofen and tetrazepam in human urine samples over a concentration range of therapeutic interest. A fused silica capill

Rapid one-step whole blood C–reactive protein magnetic permeability immunoassay with monoclonal antibody conjugated nanoparticles as superparamagnetic labels and enhanced sedimentation

Abstract  A rapid (5.5 min) one-step whole blood C–reactive protein (CRP) magnetic permeability immunoassay utilizing monoclonal antibody conjugated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (70 nm) as superparamagnetic labels and

A novel crude oil emulsifier excreted in the culture supernatant of a marine bacterium, Myroides sp. strain SM1

Abstract  A marine bacterium, Myroides sp. SM1, can grow on weathered crude oil and show emulsification of it. The biosurfactant able to emulsify crude oil was excreted in culture supernatant of Myroides sp. SM1 grown on marine broth, wh

Radioactivity dosage evaluation of Brazilian ornamental granitic rocks based on chemical data, with mineralogical and lithological characterization

Abstract  One hundred samples of granitic rock were collected from granite traders in Belo Horizonte. Autoradiography, optical microscopy, diffractometry, and chemical analysis (X-ray spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation,

Implantable photonic crystal for reflection-based optical sensing of biodegradation

Abstract  Biodegradable inverse opal (IoPPC) was synthesized from a multifunctional carboxylic acid and polyols by colloidal crystal templating. The IoPPC was prepared by infiltration of the monomer solution into interparticle voids of s

Solid-particle erosion behavior of high-performance thermoplastic polymers

Abstract  Solid-particle erosion tests were carried out to study the effect of matrix material, impact angle, and impact velocity on the erosion behavior of seven types of thermoplastic neat polymers (i.e., polyetherimide, polyetherether

Effect of montmorillonite modification on mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber composites

Abstract  Natural rubber-clay composites were prepared by direct polymer melt intercalation. Ca-montmorillonite Jelšovy Potok (JP; Slovakia) and Na-montmorillonite Kunipia-F (KU; Japan) were ion exchanged with octadecyltrimethylammo

Plastic Versus Glass Support for an Immunoassay on Metal-Coated Surfaces in Optically Dense Samples Utilizing Directional Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission

We compared plastic (polycarbonate) and high-quality glass support materials for gold-coated slides, when performing a model immunoassay against rabbit IgG using fluorescently labeled (AlexaFluor-647) anti-rabbit IgG, and detecting surface plasmon

Formation and simulation of a thermally stable NiSi FUSI gate electrode by a novel integration process

Abstract  The low resistivity nickel fully silicided (FUSI) gate have received increasing attention over the past several years due to the simply integration scheme for implementation and ease of passivation of the underlying gate dielec

Fabrication and electroosmotic flow measurements in micro- and nanofluidic channels

Abstract  An easy method for fabricating micro- and nanofluidic channels, entirely made of a thermally grown silicon dioxide is presented. The nanochannels are up to 1-mm long and have widths and heights down to 200 nm, whereas the

Luster decoration of ceramics: mechanisms of metallic luster formation

Abstract  Luster is a metallic decoration produced since early Islamic times (9th century AD in Iraq). Different studies have shown that medieval lusters are a metal-glass nanocomposite (metal nanoparticles embodied in a silica glassy ma

PROTOGIM: a novel tool to search motifs and domains in hypothetical proteins of protozoan genomes

Abstract  Whole sequencing of protozoan trypanosomatid genomes revealed the presence of several predicted unknown genes coding for hypothetical proteins. Pairwise, alignment-based, computational methods available online are unable to ide

Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of a hydrothermally stable Beta/MCM-41 composite from well-crystallized zeolite Beta

Abstract  A Beta/MCM-41 composite has been synthesized with a new method by using well-crystallized zeolite Beta as silica and aluminum source. The prepared composite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K,

Application of a xenon arc lamp as a light source for evaporative light scattering detection

Abstract  The standard tungsten-halogen light source used in a commercial evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was replaced with a 180 W xenon arc lamp. The xenon arc lamp possesses a broader spectrum in the UV region than t

Conserved domains control heterochromatin localization and silencing properties of SU(VAR)3–7

Abstract  The Drosophila protein SU(VAR)3–7 is essential for fly viability, chromosome structure, and heterochromatin formation. We report that searches in silico and in vitro for homologues of SU(VAR)3–7 were successful with

The behaviour of selected yttrium containing bioactive glass microspheres in simulated body environments

Abstract  The study aims at the manufacture and investigation of biodegradable glass microspheres incorporated with yttrium potentially useful for radionuclide therapy of cancer. The glass microspheres in the SiO2–Na2O–P2O5&#

Detection of putative secreted proteins in the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii

Abstract  The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii is an important pathogen worldwide, but its molecular characterization has been limited to studying individual genes of interest. We undertook a high-throughput genomic approach and d

Catalytic reduction of U(VI) with hydrazine on palladium catalysts in acid solutions

Abstract  The stability of finely dispersed palladium supported on silica gel with respect to various acids was studied. It was shown that palladium catalysts can be used in moderately acidic media under reducing conditions. In nitric ac

Separation of Individual Tocopherols from Soybean Distillate by Low Pressure Column Chromatography

Abstract  α-Tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were successfully separated and purified from soybean vitamin E concentrate (53% purity, from soybean oil deodorizer distillate) using a low-pressure glass column (500&

Molecular Clusters in Mesoporous Materials as Precursors to Nanoparticles of a New Lacunar Ternary Compound Pd x Mo y P

Abstract  Bimetallic clusters of composition Pd2Mo2(η5-C5H5)2(μ3-CO)2(μ2-CO)4(PR3)2 (R = ethyl or phenyl) were incorporated by impregnation from solution into two different silica matrices, amorphous xerogels and

Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration rates

Abstract  Areas of 2,800–3,000 m a.s.l. represent the alpine-nival ecotone in the Alps. This transition zone connecting the closed swards of the alpine belt and the scattered vegetation of the nival belt may show particularly

QTL analyses of lineage-negative mouse bone marrow cells labeled with Sca-1 and c-Kit

Abstract  Differences in the number of functionally and/or phenotypically defined bone marrow cells in inbred mouse strains have been exploited to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine the variation in cell frequency. To exten

Comparative analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA topoisomerase I from Zea mays

Abstract  The properties were compared for maize nuclear and mitochondrial DNA topoisomerases I (topo I). Some differences in their ability to bind to single-stranded DNA were revealed. Mitochondrial topo I was active only in the presenc

Rheology of immiscible blends with particle-induced drop clusters

Abstract  We consider the effects of 2.7-μm-diameter hydrophobic silica particles added to droplet–matrix blends of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyisobutylene (PIB). The particles adsorb on the surface of the PEO drops but p

Kinetic Model of Mitochondrial Krebs Cycle: Unraveling the Mechanism of Salicylate Hepatotoxic Effects

Abstract  This paper studies the effect of salicylate on the energy metabolism of mitochondria using in silico simulations. A kinetic model of the mitochondrial Krebs cycle is constructed using information on the individual enzymes. Mode

Effect of treated filler loading on the photopolymerization inhibition and shrinkage of a dimethacrylate matrix

Abstract  This study shows how treated filler loading influences the photopolymerization of a dimethacrylate comonomer mixture, regarding, in particular, shrinkage and inhibition under atmospheric oxygen, present in oral environment. Bis

Bioactivity of wollastonite/aerogels composites obtained from a TEOS–MTES matrix

Abstract  Organic–inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTES), synthetic wollastonite powders and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in an ethanol solutio

Molecular simulation of adsorption and intrusion in nanopores

Abstract  This paper reports Monte Carlo simulations of the adsorption or intrusion in cylindrical silica nanopores. All the pores are opened at both ends towards an external bulk reservoir, so that they mimic real materials for which th

Ge nanoclusters in PECVD-deposited glass caused only by heat treatment

Abstract  This paper reports the formation of Ge nanoclusters in a multi-layer structure consisting of alternating thin films of Ge-doped silica glass and SiGe, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and post anne

Multifunctional Magnetic-fluorescent Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Abstract  Nanotechnology is a fast-growing area, involving the fabrication and use of nano-sized materials and devices. Various nanocomposite materials play a number of important roles in modern science and technology. Magnetic and fluor

β2-Adrenoceptor affinity chromatography and its application in the screening of the active compounds from Semen Armeniacae Amarum

Abstract  β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) was purified from the rabbit lung tissue by sepharose-salbutamol affinity chromatographic column. To prepare the β2-AR stationary phase, β2-AR was evenly immobilized on the surface of macro-p

Study on extraction efficiency of natural antioxidant in coffee by capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Abstract  Capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CE-AD) has been used for the determination of catechin, rutin, ferulic acid, o-dihydroxybenzene, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid in cof

The DNA-binding domain as a functional indicator: the case of the AraC/XylS family of transcription factors

Abstract  The AraC/XylS family of transcription factors, which include proteins that are involved in the regulation of diverse biological processes, has been of considerable interest recently and has been constantly expanding by means of

Quantitative HPLC Determination and Stability Studies of Pyridostemin in Extracts and Water Dispersible Granule Formulations of Stemona curtisii

Abstract  A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the determination of pyridostemin, the major pesticidal alkaloid found in Stemona curtisii. This methodology was applied to th

RP-LC with On-Line Recycled Mobile Phase for Analysis of Amino Acids Pre-Derivatized with o -Phthalaldehyde

Abstract  Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) of 17 amino acids and ammonium ion, pre-derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde and ethanethiol, has been investigated using on-line recycled mobile phase. The mobile phase was sod

Multivariate Optimization Approach for Chiral Resolution of Chlorophenoxy Acid Herbicides Using Teicoplanin as Chiral Selector in Capillary LC

Abstract  In this paper, the selectivity and resolution of enantiomeric separation by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) of racemates of phenoxy acid herbicides are modelled. The compounds studied were 2-(±)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)p

Mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers with molar ratios of Si/Al?≈?2 and Na/Al?≈?1

Abstract  The mechanical properties of four different types of geopolymers, but of the same composition (Na/Al ≈ 1, Si/Al ≈ 2 molar ratio), made using a combination of precursors, were determined. The

From genome sequence to integrated bioprocess for succinic acid production by Mannheimia succiniciproducens

Abstract   Mannheimia succiniciproducens is a capnophilic gram-negative bacterium isolated from bovine rumen. Wild-type M. succiniciproducens can produce succinic acid as a major fermentation product with acetic, formic, and lactic acids

Abstract  The results of an experimental study of limestone assimilation by hydrated basaltic magmas in the range 1,050–1,150°C, 0.1–500 MPa are reported. Alkali basalts doped with up to 19 wt% of Ca, Mg-carbonates were

CE Determination of Ketoprofen Enantiomers in Clinical Samples of Plasma, Synovial Fluid and Urine

Abstract  Stereoselective CE method for investigations of pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers (KTP) in patients taking also other drugs is proposed, to establish relation between levels of KTP enantiomers in blood and synovial flu

A Method for Quantifying Azoxystrobin Residues in Grapes and Soil Using GC with Electron Capture Detection

Abstract  A relatively simple method for the determination of azoxystrobin residues in grapes and soil using gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) is described. Samples were extracted with acetone, and furth

Materials doping through sol–gel chemistry: a little something can make a big difference

Abstract  Several examples of sol–gel preparation of doped materials are taken to illustrate the various situations where the doping elements are responsible for the main function of the material or govern its structure. Other exam

A comparison of different nanostructured biomaterials in subcutaneous tissue

Abstract  The nanostructured surface of a material can improve its interaction with cells and its acceptance as an implant. We compared two novel biomaterials with different nanostructures: Bioverit? II with a coating of nanoporous silic

Thermal reaction of SiC films with tungsten and tungsten–rhenium alloys

Abstract  Solid-state reactions between SiC films and W–xRe (x = 0, 5 and 25 at%) substrates on thermal annealing between 1673 K and 1873 K for various durations have been investigated. SiC coatings were de

Alloy Shrinkage Factors for the Investment Casting of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Parts

Abstract  In this study, alloy shrinkage factors were obtained for the investment casting of 17-4PH stainless steel parts. For the investment casting process, unfilled wax and fused silica with a zircon prime coat were used for patterns

EPR of Radicals in Primitive Organic Matter: A Tool for the Search of Biosignatures of the Most Ancient Traces of Life

Abstract.  In this paper we report on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of paramagnetic centers in the carbonaceous matter of primitive siliceous rocks, known to contain the most ancient traces of life. The EPR lines observed are att

Experimental implementation and analysis of a DNA computing readout method based on real-time PCR with TaqMan probes

Abstract  A new readout approach for the Hamiltonian Path Problem (HPP) in DNA computing based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is experimentally implemented and analyzed. Several types of fluorescent probes and detection

Microstructural Evolution in Niobium-Based Alloys

Abstract  Nb-Ti-Cr-Si-Al-X alloys have been considered as candidate materials for high-temperature structural applications in aero engines. Using a multicomponent approach, attempts are being made to obtain good strength with adequate ox

Identification of CHO Endogenous Promoter Elements Based on a Genomic Library Approach

Abstract  Today the standard technology for the production of many biopharmaceutical products from mammalian cell systems is frequently based on expression vectors that utilize strong mammalian active viral promoters like CMV or SV40 for

Photolysis and desorption of adsorbed halomethane molecules under long-wavelength radiation of excimer lasers

Abstract  The photolysis and desorption of CH2I2, CH3I, CCl4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CF2Cl2, and CHF2Cl molecules adsorbed on fused silica under the action of XeF and XeCl laser radiation absorbed by these molecules have been studied. The desorp

Pharmacological manipulation of L-carnitine transport into L6 cells with stable overexpression of human OCTN2

Abstract.  The high-affinity Na+-dependent carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) has a high renal expression and reabsorbs most filtered carnitine. To gain more insight into substrate specificity of OCTN2, we overexpressed hOCTN2 in L6 c

Study by thermal analysis of mortars belonging to wall paintings corresponding to some historical buildings of Sevillian art

Abstract  Mortars taken from the walls of three historical buildings in Seville: Pond of Patio de las Doncellas in Real Alcazar of Seville, the Monastery of Santa Maria de las Cuevas and the Church of El Salvador were investigated.

Mesoporous carbons as low temperature fuel cell platinum catalyst supports

Abstract  Platinum catalysts supported on ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) are described. The mesoporous carbon support, CMK3 type, was synthesised as an inverse replica of a SBA-15 silica template. The platinum catalysts (i.e. Pt 20&nbs

Evaluation of physical–chemical properties and biocompatibility of a microrough and smooth bioactive glass particles

Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical–chemical and biocompatibility characteristics of a simple synthesis and low cost experimental bioactive glass. Physical and chemical properties were analyzed using scanni

Hydration dependent dynamics in sol–gel encapsulated myoglobin

Abstract  In this work we study the effect of hydration on the dynamics of a protein in confined geometry, i.e. encapsulated in a porous silica matrix. Using elastic neutron scattering we investigate the temperature dependence of the mea

Preparation and Application of Ca0.8 Sr0.2 TiO3 for Plasma Activation of CO2

Abstract  Despite a large interest in plasma-assisted catalytic technology (PACT), very little has been reported about the catalytic effects of different dielectric barriers on a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reaction. In the presen

Prediction of antifreeze critical strength of infant age concrete

Abstract  The rule of infant age concrete strength development under low temperature and complex affecting factors is researched. An efficient and reliable mathematical forecast model is set up to predict the infant age concrete antifree

The rapid preparation of large-scale CdS opal photonic crystals and study of the optical properties

Abstract  Monodispersed silica microspheres of 270 nm are synthesized by a colloidal solution method. Larger scale perfect three-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) are rapidly prepared using the evaporation of acetone to self-assem

Comparison of a homology model and the crystallographic structure of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) in a structure-based identification of inhibitors

Summary  Human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) catalyzes the interconversion of cortisone into active cortisol. 11βHSD1 inhibition is a tempting target for the treatment of a host of human disorders that

Optimization of the assay of naphthodianthrones in dry St John’s wort extract by reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Abstract  An optimization procedure for the reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) assay of naphthodianthrones in St John’s wort extract from the European Pharmacopoeia project is described. The results obtained from two scree

Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles

Abstract  The use of lasers, over the past few decades, has emerged to be highly promising for cancer therapy modalities, most commonly the photothermal therapy method, which employs light absorbing dyes for achieving the photothermal da

Application of temperature-controlled micro planar chromatography for separation and quantification of testosterone and its derivatives

Abstract  Temperature-controlled micro thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied for separation and quantification studies of testosterone and its derivatives including methyltestosterone, testosterone propionate, isobutyrate, phenylpr

Development of high performance Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for methanol synthesis and the water-gas shift reaction

Abstract  Our groups studies on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for methanol synthesis via hydrogenation of CO2 and for the water-gas shift reaction are reviewed. Effects of ZnO contained in supported Cu-based catalysts on their activities for several re

The role of slab melting in the petrogenesis of high-Mg andesites: evidence from Simbo Volcano, Solomon Islands

Abstract  The petrogenesis of high-Mg andesites (HMA) in subduction zones involves shallow melting of refractory mantle sources or, alternatively, the interaction of ascending slab-derived melts with mantle peridotite. To unravel the petrogenesi

Regional-scale fluid flow and element mobility in Barrow’s metamorphic zones, Stonehaven, Scotland

Abstract  The geochemistry of metamorphic quartz vein formation in Barrow’s index mineral zones north of Stonehaven, Scotland, was investigated in order to assess regional fluid flow and mass transfer. Metamorphic grade in the Dal

Alternative methods to safety studies in experimental animals: role in the risk assessment of chemicals under the new European Chemicals Legislation (REACH)

Abstract  During the last two decades, substantial efforts have been made towards the development and international acceptance of alternative methods to safety studies using laboratory animals. In the EU, challenging timelines for phasin

Crystal chemistry of titanite-structured compounds: the CaTi1-xZrxOSiO4 (x≤0.5) series

Abstract  Inhomogeneous aggregates of late-stage titanite enriched in Zr have been described recently from post-magmatic parageneses in silica-undersaturated rocks. In the natural samples, simple isovalent substitution of the large Zr ([vi]R4+=0

Identification of chicken lysozymeg2 and its expression in the intestine

Abstract.  Lysozyme is an important component of the innate immune system, protecting the gastrointestinal tract from infection. The aim of the present study was to determine if lysozyme is expressed in the chicken (Gallus gallus) intestine and

Wetting characteristics of oxygen-containing iron melts on refractory oxides

Abstract  As part of refractory erosion studies, the wetting behaviour of molten iron containing varying amounts of oxygen on refractory oxides was investigated by the sessile drop method. The oxides investigated in the present work were alumina

Influence of Film Structure and Precursor Composition on Rhodamine B Retention in Dye-Dopped Ormosils

Abstract  The interplay between the chemical structure of the precursors, internal organization in the end materials and dye retention was investigated for composites (ormosils) doped with rhodamine B. Besides formulations with triethoxysilanes

Structural and Microstructural Evolution During Pyrolysis of Hybrid Polydimethylsiloxane-Titania Nanocomposites

Abstract  The evolution during pyrolysis of hybrid polydimethylsiloxane-titania nanocomposites has been studied as a function of the ratio between polysiloxane and titania phases. The xerogels, prepared by the sol–gel process starting fro

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Inorganic Nutrient Concentrations and Chlorophyll in the Euphotic Zone of Lake Tanganyika

Abstract  Chlorophyll a and inorganic plant nutrient levels were measured in the euphotic zone at a pelagic station in Lake Tanganyika for 12 months. In October, chlorophyll a had a mean concentration of 5.0 g/l, the highest value obtained durin

Effect of Si on the distribution of Cd in rice seedlings

Abstract  Growth chamber studies were conducted to investigate the effects of silicon (Si) on the distribution of Cd in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L., cv. Qiu Guang) grown hydroponically under toxic level of cadmium (Cd). Si added significantl

Hydrothermal dynamics on environmental problems using the aspect of earth science

Abstract  In order to establish a sustainable society, with practical material recycling, it is appropriate to focus on a range of guiding “Earth Principles”, including the character and application of hydrothermal processes.

Relationships between composition, structure and strength of inorganic polymers

Mitigating the risk of high power damage to the BT network

Abstract  Optical powers used in optical telecommunications networks have increased over time with the advent of technologies such as erbium doped fibre amplifiers, dense WDM, and fibre Raman amplifiers. Erbium fibre and Raman amplifiers

Occupational Exposures and Mycosis Fungoides. A European Multicentre Case–control Study (Europe)

Abstract  Objectives: Mycosis Fungoides (MF) is a rare disease with an occurrence indicating that occupational exposures may play a role. To estimate the association between MF and occupational exposures as measured by means of an job-ex

Ethics and Artificial life: From Modeling to Moral Agents

Abstract  Artificial Life (ALife) has two goals. One attempts to describe fundamental qualities of living systems through agent based computer models. And the second studies whether or not we can artificially create living things in comp

Coalescence of offset rock joints under biaxial loading

Abstract  Crack coalescence in rock masses was studied by performing a series of biaxial compresion tests on specimens made of rock-like material. Specimens of size 63.5 × 27.9 × 20.3 cm, made of 72% silica sand, 16% cement (Type

Editorial: Computational modelling of cell & tissue processes & function

Abstract  Computational modelling of whole biological systems from cells to organs is gaining momentum in cell biology and disease studies. This pathway is essential for the derivation of explanatory frameworks that will facilitate the developme

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Associations in a Set of Alpine High Altitude Lakes: Geographic Distribution and Ecology

Abstract  Species composition and interactions, biomass dominance, geographic distribution and driving variables were investigated for two key elements of the pelagic food web of Alpine lakes, the phytoplankton and the zooplankton, based

Diatom Communities and Water Quality Assessment in Mountain Rivers of the Upper Segre Basin (La Cerdanya, Oriental Pyrenees)

Abstract  Epilithic diatoms of mountain rivers from the upper Segre catchment (Oriental Pyrenees) were studied in 1998, during three different seasons: March, July and September. Four rivers, the river Segre and its three most important

Phytoplankton of the Middle Paraná River During an Anomalous Hydrological Period: A Morphological and Functional Approach

Abstract  The Paraná River mainstem was sampled monthly (November 1999–December 2000) in order to analyse phytoplankton structure and dynamics during a period of extreme low water discharge. Physiognomic groups, size fractions, ta

The STAR common metrics approach to the WFD intercalibration process: Full application for small, lowland rivers in three European countries

Abstract  Class boundaries of three European assessment systems based on macroinvertebrates were compared and harmonized. Three different approaches to comparison, one based on regression analysis and the other two on statistical testing

Variable selection and specification of robust QSAR models from multicollinear data: arylpiperazinyl derivatives with affinity and selectivity for α2-adrenoceptors

Abstract  Two QSAR models have been identified that predict the affinity and selectivity of arylpiperazinyl derivatives for 1 and 2 adrenoceptors (ARs). The models have been specified and validated using 108 compounds whose structures and inhibi

The use of sedimentary algal pigments to infer historic algal communities in Lake Apopka, Florida

Abstract  The primary producer community of Lake Apopka, a large (125 km2), shallow (mean depth, 1.7 m), polymictic Florida lake, shifted from macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance in the 1940s. Today, frequent wind resuspens

Seasonal Diatom Variability and Paleolimnological Inferences – A Case Study

Abstract  The seasonality of physical, chemical, and biological water variables is a major characteristic of temperate, dimictic lakes. Yet, few investigations have considered the potential information that is encoded in seasonal dynamic

Diatom Paleolimnological Record of Holocene Climatic and Environmental Change in the Altai Mountains, Siberia

Abstract  The sedimentary diatom records of three shallow lakes in the Altai Mountains, southern Siberia, were examined to assess the nature and timing of Holocene environmental changes. Few paleoenvironmental records, especially reconst

A Comparison of Sediment Varves (1950–2003 AD) in Two Adjacent Lakes in Northern Sweden

Abstract  Koltj?rnen and Nylandssj?n are two closely situated lakes (<2 km apart) in northern Sweden. During the past century, distinct varved sediments have formed in these lakes. Nylandssj?n has two varved, deep basins. Since l

The catalytic subunit α′ gene of human protein kinase CK2 (CSNK2A2): Genomic organization, promoter identification and determination of Ets1 as a key regulator

Abstract  The human genome contains four protein kinase CK2 loci, enclosing three active genes coding for the catalytic subunits α and α′ and the regulatory subunit β, and a processed α subunit pseudogene. Extensiv

Blue TiO2 -x_{2 -x}/SiO2 nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis

Abstract  Composite TiSiOC nanoparticles with Ti/Si ratio varying in a very large range were prepared by laser pyrolysis of a gas–spray mixture of silane and titanium tetra-isopropoxide. The as-formed nanoparticle batches exhibit intense b

Defensin gene family in Medicago truncatula: structure, expression and induction by signal molecules

Abstract  A large gene family encoding the putative cysteine-rich defensins was discovered in Medicago truncatula. Sixteen members of the family were identified by screening a cloned seed defensin from M. sativa (Gao et al. 2000) against the Ins

hATpin, a Family of MITE-like hAT Mobile Elements Conserved in Diverse Plant Species that Forms Highly Stable Secondary Structures

Abstract  We identified a 178 bp mobile DNA element in lettuce with characteristic CGAGC/GCTCG repeats in the subterminal regions. This element has terminal inverted repeats and 8-bp target site duplications typical of the hAT super

Functional genomics of cell elongation in developing cotton fibers

Abstract  Cotton fibers are single-celled seed trichomes of major economic importance. Factors that regulate the rate and duration of cell expansion control fiber morphology and important agronomic traits. For genetic characterization of

Spatial and temporal analysis of the local response to wounding

Abstract  We studied the local response to wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves using a two-step microarray analysis. A microarray containing 3500 cDNA clones was first screened to enrich for genes affected by wounding in the immediat

Hydrogen-induced metal-oxide interaction studied on noble metal model catalysts

Cryopreservation of encapsulated gentian axillary buds following 2 step-preculture with sucrose and desiccation

Abstract  Alginate beads containing axillary buds of in vitro-grown gentian (Gentiana scabra Bunge var. buergeri Maxim.), were successfully cryopreserved following 2 step-preculture with sucrose and desiccation. The optimal preculture conditions

Transmission of Atmospherically Derived Trace Elements Through an Undeveloped, Forested Maryland Watershed

Abstract  The transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) was evaluated in a small, undeveloped, forested watershed located in north-central Maryland. Atmospheric input was determined f

Marked Effect of Various Supports and Additives Upon LiquidPhase Methanol Reforming with Water over Supported Group 8–10 Metal Catalysts

  The support effects (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CeO2 and ZrO2) as well as addition effect of group 6b and 7b elements were studied over various supported group 8–10 metal catalysts. Basic oxide support improved the selectivity to CO

Inherent Correlation Between Dose and Clearance in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Settings: Possible Misinterpretation in Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses

Abstract  During the course of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), doses are adjusted to attain a target concentration range and a correlation between clearance (CL) and dose is introduced. In population pharmacokinetic analyses of such T

NotI Sequence-Tagged Sites as Markers of Genes on Human Chromosome 3

Abstract  Using nucleotide sequences from jumping and linking NotI libraries of human chromosome 3, 94 NotI-STS markers for 72 individual NotI clones were developed. The positions of the NotI-STS markers and their order on the chromosome were de

Isolation and Comparative Analysis of Glycolipid Fractions in Bifidobacteria

Abstract  A comparative TLC analysis of lipid extracts from Bifidobacterium longum B 379 M, B. bifidum 791, and B. adolescentis 94 BIM has been performed. It is demonstrated that carbohydrate-containing lipid components were present in the bacte

Generation of granites after amphibolites

Abstract  This paper presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study of the formation of granitoid melts at the expense of olivine-normative amphibolites. It was shown that trondhjemite-tonalite and granite-granodiorite melts

Geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology of Late-Mesozoic lavas from Xishan, Beijing

Abstract  Zircon U-Pb dating by both SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS and geochemical study of the Tiaojishan Formation and the Donglintai Formation from Xishan, Beijing, reveal that ages of upper lavas of Tiaojishan Formation and Middle of Donglint

An overview of adakite petrogenesis

Abstract  The term adakite was originally proposed to define silica-rich, high Sr/Y and La/Yb volcanic and plutonic rocks derived from melting of the basaltic portion of oceanic crust subducted beneath volcanic arcs. It was also initiall

Functionally associated molecular genetic marker map construction in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Abstract  A molecular marker-based map of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) has been constructed through the use of polymorphisms associated with expressed sequence tags (ESTs). A pair-cross between genotypes from a North African ecotype an

Bowman–Birk inhibitors in Lens: identification and characterization of two paralogous gene classes in cultivated lentil and wild relatives

Abstract  In order to investigate the genetic structure of lentil Bowman–Birk inhibitors (BBIs), primers were designed on pea BBI sequences. The sequences obtained from lentil DNA, using these primers, indicate that lentil possesses at le

Capillary isoelectric focusing of microorganisms in the pH range 2–5 in a dynamically modified FS capillary with UV detection

Abstract  The isoelectric points of many microbial cells lie within the pH range spanning from 1.5 to 4.5. In this work, we suggest a CIEF method for the separation of cells according to their isoelectric points in the pH range of 2–5. It

Composition of the surface waxes from bell pepper and eggplant

Abstract  Surface waxes from the skins of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) were rinsed with tert-butylmethyl ether (TBME). The wax components were separated into two fractions by elution from a small silica gel colu

Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heat

Abstract  Seven German and three Hungarian monumental sandstones have been tested in laboratory conditions to analyse the effect of heat. The studied quartz sandstones have a wide-range of cements and grain-sizes including silica-, carbonate-, c

Weathering at high latitudes on the Carboniferous Old Red Sandstone, petrographic and geotechnical investigations, Jedburgh Abbey Church, Scotland, a case study

Abstract  Weathering processes and intensity vary according to the predominant environmental conditions as well as the rocks physical and geotechnical properties in a given area. Jedburgh Abbey Church has been taken as a representative historica

Studies on the production and purification of an antimicrobial compound and taxonomy of the producer isolated from the marine environment of the Sundarbans

Abstract  A microorganism isolated from the Sundarbans region of the Bay of Bengal, India, showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, molds, yeast and several multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, in

Physiological state of phytoplankton communities in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, as measured by fast repetition rate fluorometry

Abstract  The majority of the Southern Ocean is a high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) ecosystem. Localized increases in chlorophyll concentration measured in the wake of bathymetric features near South Georgia demonstrate variations in the fact

Laser emission at 1077?nm in Nd3+-doped calcium aluminosilicate glass

Abstract  Laser emission at 1077 nm (4F3/24I11/2) was demonstrated in Nd3+-doped low silica content calcium aluminosilicate (LSCA) glass under 810-nm pumping by a Ti:sapphire laser. The slope efficiency of the laser emission was found to be

The ‘Profile’ method of calculating the composition of solid in magma fractionation, and its application to an alkaline volcano

Abstract  A new profile mass balance procedure is presented to calculate the chemical composition of solid precipitated during cooling and crystallization of many tholeiitic and alkaline magmas. It is a variant of the earlier interval method (Ma

Intra-oceanic production of continental crust in a Th-depleted ca. 3.0?Ga arc complex, western Superior Province, Canada

Abstract  The English Lake magmatic complex in the western Superior Province of Canada represents a fragment of early (3.0 Ga) continental crust exposed in oblique cross section through tonalitic upper levels and subjacent quartz diorite, d

Phase relations of carbonate-bearing eclogite assemblages from 2.5 to 5.5?GPa: implications for petrogenesis of carbonatites

Abstract  We have experimentally investigated the phase and melting relations of garnet + clinopyroxene + carbonate assemblages at 2.5–5.5  GPa, to assess the feasibility of carbonated eclogite as a source for some crustally emp

Pressure-temperature conditions of the Ryoke metamorphic rocks in Yanai district, SW Japan

Abstract  Pressure-temperature conditions of metamorphism in the Yanai district, Ryoke belt, SW Japan, have been determined using garnet-biotite thermometry in combination with an empirically calibrated barometer in the assemblage common in peli

Nature and timing of magma interactions before, during, and after the caldera-forming eruption of Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico

Abstract  Volcán Ceboruco, Mexico, erupted ~1,000 years ago, producing the Jala pumice and forming a ~4-km-wide caldera. During that eruption, 2.8 to 3.5 km3 of rhyodacite (~70 wt% SiO2) magma and 0.2 to 0.5 km3 of mix

Phyllosilicate minerals in the hydrothermal mafic–ultramafic-hosted massive-sulfide deposit of Ivanovka (southern Urals): comparison with modern ocean seafloor analogues

Abstract  We have studied textural relationships and compositions of phyllosilicate minerals in the mafic–ultramafic-hosted massive-sulfide deposit of Ivanovka (Main Uralian Fault Zone, southern Urals). The main hydrothermal phyllosilicat

The Lyngen Gabbro: the lower crust of an Ordovician Incipient Arc

Abstract  We present evidence for the origin of the Lyngen Gabbro of the Ordovician Lyngen Magmatic Complex in Troms, Northern Norway. The two magmatic suites of the Lyngen Gabbro strike parallel NNE-SSW, and have distinct magmatic signatures. W

Evolution of a tourmaline-bearing lawsonite eclogite from the Elekdag area (Central Pontides, N Turkey): evidence for infiltration of slab-derived B-rich fluids during exhumation

Abstract  An undated high-pressure low-temperature tectonic mélange in the Elekda area (central Pontides, N Turkey) comprises blocks of MORB-derived lawsonite eclogite within a sheared serpentinite matrix. In their outer shells, some of t

Post-collisional plutonism with adakite-like signatures: the Eocene Sarayc?k granodiorite (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)

Abstract  The post-collisional Saraycık granodiorite intruded into a late Paleocene to early Eocene nappe pile that formed during collision of the Pontides in the North and the Anatolide-Tauride platform in the South, leading to the formati

Methyltetrahydrophthalic acid in urine as an indicator of occupational exposure to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride

Abstract  Objective: To investigate whether methyltetrahydrophthalic acid (MTHP acid) in urine can be used as a biomarker for exposure to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA). Methods: Workers occupationally exposed to MTHPA were studied i

The human T locus and spina bifida risk

Abstract  The transcription factor T is essential for mesoderm formation and axial development during embryogenesis. Embryonic genotype for a single-nucleotide polymorphism in intron 7 of T (TIVS7 T/C) has been associated with the risk of spina

The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis

Abstract  In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evi

Construction and utility of 10-kb libraries for efficient clone-gap closure for rice genome sequencing

Relative age of Cordilleran base metal lode and replacement deposits, and high sulfidation Au–(Ag) epithermal mineralization in the Colquijirca mining district, central Peru

Abstract  At Colquijirca, central Peru, a predominantly dacitic Miocene diatreme-dome complex of 12.4 to 12.7 Ma (40Ar/39Ar biotite ages), is spatially related to two distinct mineralization types. Disseminated Au–(Ag) associated with

Genesis of amethyst geodes in basaltic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation (Ametista do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil): a fluid inclusion, REE, oxygen, carbon, and Sr isotope study on basalt, quartz, and calcite

Abstract.    In the Ametista do Sul area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, amethyst-bearing geodes are hosted by a ~40- to 50-m-thick subhorizontal high-Ti basaltic lava flow of the Lower Cretaceous Paraná Continental Flood Basalt Pro

Einfluss oberfl?chennaher W?rmegewinnung auf geochemische Prozesse im Grundwasserleiter

Kurzfassung  Die geothermische Nutzung oberfl?chennaher Grundwasserleiter, sowohl zur W?rmegewinnung als auch zur W?rmespeicherung, verursacht Temperaturver?nderungen im Grundwasser, die das geochemische Gleichgewicht von Mineralen beein

Continuous-flow separation and pre-concentration coupled on-line to solid-surface fluorescence spectroscopy for the simultaneous determination of o-phenylphenol and thiabendazole

Abstract  A novel and single flow-injection system combined with solid-surface fluorescence detection is proposed in this work for the resolution of a mixture of two widely used pesticides (o-phenylphenol and thiabendazole). The continuous-flow

Flavonoids in Leguminosae: Analysis of extracts of T. pratense L ., T. dubium L ., T. repens L., and L. corniculatus L . leaves using liquid chromatography with UV, mass spectrometric and fluorescence detection

Abstract  Reversed-phase LC on C-18 bonded silica with a methanol–ammonium formate gradient was used to determine the main flavonoids in leaves of four species of the Leguminosae family. The detection modes were diode-array UV absorbance,

Determination of trace amounts of gold in acid-attacked environmental samples by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization after preconcentration

Abstract  A method for determination of trace amounts of gold in environmental samples (rocks, soils, sediments, and waters) by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ETAAS) after preconcentration using a chelating sorbe

Comparison of the annealing behavior of thin Ta films deposited onto Si and SiO 2 substrates

Abstract  Structural changes at annealing temperatures (Tan) of 500–1,100°C were investigated for thin Ta films which were sputter-deposited onto pure Si substrates and onto thermally oxidized Si. In the as-deposited state, the Ta lay

The membrane-binding properties of a class A amphipathic peptide

Abstract  The membrane-binding properties of a class A amphipathic peptide (18D) were investigated using two different immobilized model membrane systems. The first system involved the use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to study the binding

Cloning and developmental expression of MARK/Par-1/MELK-related protein kinase xMAK-V in Xenopus laevis

Abstract  MAK-V/Hunk is a recently identified MARK/Par-1-related mammalian protein kinase. Although the precise function of this protein kinase is yet to be established, available data suggest its involvement in animals development and in the ph

Fasciola hepatica: the developmental patterns of redial generations in naturally infected Galba truncatula

Abstract   A retrospective study on 1,211 snails naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica in central France was carried out to determine the numbers of full-grown sporocysts from which infections derived, to specify the developmental patte

Organisation and structural evolution of the rice glutathione S-transferase gene family

Abstract  Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a large family of key defence enzymes against xenobiotic toxicity. Here we describe the comprehensive characterisation of this important multigene family in the model monocot species rice [Ory

Differentiation capacity of epithelial cells in the sponge Suberites domuncula

Abstract  Sponges (phylum Porifera) represent the oldest metazoans. Their characteristic metazoan adhesion molecules and transcription factors enable them to establish a complex Bauplan; three major differentiated cell types (epithelial cells, s

High-temperature rapid pyrometamorphism induced by a charcoal pit burning: The case of Ricetto, central Italy

Abstract  Bulk chemistry and mineralogy of the peculiar rock of Ricetto (Carseolani Mts., Central Apennines, Italy) was studied to resolve its controversial origin: igneous dyke or anthropic product. This hybrid rock consists of a colorless, fel

Rare-earth elements in Oligo-Miocenic pelitic sediments from Lagonegro Basin, southern Apennines, Italy: implications for provenance and source area weathering

Abstract  The Lagonegro Units are a part of the southern Apennines orogenic wedge. The age of the Lagonegro successions ranges from lower–middle Triassic to Oligo-Miocene. During late Cretaceous and Oligocene the deposition of calcareous-

Observation of shear zone development in ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box

Abstract  Using a new ring-shear apparatus with a transparent shear box and video image analysis system, drained and undrained speed-controlled tests were conducted on coarse-grained silica sands to study the shear-zone formation process in gran